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We study the problem of traffic forecasting, aiming to predict the inflow and outflow of a region in the subsequent time slot. The problem is complex due to the intricate spatial and temporal interdependence among regions. Prior works study…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zheng Chenghong , Zongyin Deng , Liu Cheng , Xiong Simin , Di Deshi , Li Guanyao

Credit assignment, the process of attributing credit or blame to individual agents for their contributions to a team's success or failure, remains a fundamental challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), particularly in…

Sparse and delayed reward functions pose a significant obstacle for real-world Reinforcement Learning (RL) applications. In this work, we propose Attention-based REward Shaping (ARES), a general and robust algorithm which uses a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ian Holmes , Min Chi

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) aims to coordinate multiple agents to achieve a common goal. A key challenge in MARL is credit assignment, which involves assessing each agent's contribution to the shared reward. Given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xutong Zhao , Yaqi Xie

Long-term temporal credit assignment is an important challenge in deep reinforcement learning (RL). It refers to the ability of the agent to attribute actions to consequences that may occur after a long time interval. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Tanmay Gangwani , Yuan Zhou , Jian Peng

This paper considers multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) where the rewards are received after delays and the delay time varies across agents and across time steps. Based on the V-learning framework, this paper proposes MARL algorithms…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Yuyang Zhang , Runyu Zhang , Yuantao Gu , Na Li

Sparse reward environments pose significant challenges in reinforcement learning, especially within multi-agent systems (MAS) where feedback is delayed and shared across agents, leading to suboptimal learning. We propose Collaborative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Yufei Lin , Chengwei Ye , Huanzhen Zhang , Kangsheng Wang , Linuo Xu , Shuyan Liu , Zeyu Zhang

It remains challenging to automatically predict the multi-agent trajectory due to multiple interactions including agent to agent interaction and scene to agent interaction. Although recent methods have achieved promising performance, most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Beihao Xia , Conghao Wang , Qinmu Peng , Xinge You , Dacheng Tao

The temporal credit assignment problem is a central challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL), concerned with attributing the appropriate influence to each actions in a trajectory for their ability to achieve a goal. However, when feedback…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Eduardo Pignatelli , Johan Ferret , Tim Rockäschel , Edward Grefenstette , Davide Paglieri , Samuel Coward , Laura Toni

In this paper, we propose Concentrate and Concentrate (CaC), a coarse-to-fine anomaly reward model based on Vision-Language Models. During inference, it first conducts a global temporal scan to anchor anomalous time windows, then performs…

It has long been recognized that multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) faces significant scalability issues due to the fact that the size of the state and action spaces are exponentially large in the number of agents. In this paper, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-12 Guannan Qu , Yiheng Lin , Adam Wierman , Na Li

Reward shaping is one of the most effective methods to tackle the crucial yet challenging problem of credit assignment in Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, designing shaping functions usually requires much expert knowledge and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Haosheng Zou , Tongzheng Ren , Dong Yan , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) is a standard framework for cooperative multi-agent policy-gradient reinforcement learning, allowing agents to learn from joint information while acting from local observations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chulabhaya Wijesundara , Andrea Baisero , Zhongheng Li , Gregory Castañón , Alan Carlin , Christopher Amato

Training cooperative agents in sparse-reward scenarios poses significant challenges for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Without clear feedback on actions at each step in sparse-reward setting, previous methods struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Shuai Han , Mehdi Dastani , Shihan Wang

This paper presents an approach for accelerated learning of optimal plans for a given task represented using Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) in multi-agent systems. Given a set of options (temporally abstract actions) available to each agent,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Nishant Doshi

The Credit Assignment Problem (CAP) refers to the longstanding challenge of Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents to associate actions with their long-term consequences. Solving the CAP is a crucial step towards the successful deployment of RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Eduardo Pignatelli , Johan Ferret , Matthieu Geist , Thomas Mesnard , Hado van Hasselt , Olivier Pietquin , Laura Toni

Reward design is a key component of deep reinforcement learning, yet some tasks and designer's objectives may be unnatural to define as a scalar cost function. Among the various techniques, formal methods integrated with DRL have garnered…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jiangwei Wang , Shuo Yang , Ziyan An , Songyang Han , Zhili Zhang , Rahul Mangharam , Meiyi Ma , Fei Miao

Spatio-Temporal prediction plays a critical role in smart city construction. Jointly modeling multiple spatio-temporal tasks can further promote an intelligent city life by integrating their inseparable relationship. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Zijian Zhang , Xiangyu Zhao , Hao Miao , Chunxu Zhang , Hongwei Zhao , Junbo Zhang

With the rapid development of machine learning applications on time-series data, accurately assessing the value of training samples has become essential for data selection, noise detection, and model optimization. However, traditional data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chuwen Pang , Bing Mi , Kongyang Chen

Real-world cooperation often requires intensive coordination among agents simultaneously. This task has been extensively studied within the framework of cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), and value decomposition methods…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Shanqi Liu , Yujing Hu , Runze Wu , Dong Xing , Yu Xiong , Changjie Fan , Kun Kuang , Yong Liu