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Federated learning (FL), which has gained increasing attention recently, enables distributed devices to train a common machine learning (ML) model for intelligent inference cooperatively without data sharing. However, problems in practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Yujie Zhou , Zhidu Li , Tong Tang , Ruyan Wang

With the prevalence of Large Learning Models (LLM), Split Federated Learning (SFL), which divides a learning model into server-side and client-side models, has emerged as an appealing technology to deal with the heavy computational burden…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yipeng Liang , Qimei Chen , Guangxu Zhu , Muhammad Kaleem Awan , Hao Jiang

Federated learning (FL) is a technique that trains machine learning models from decentralized data sources. We study FL under local notions of privacy constraints, which provides strong protection against sensitive data disclosures via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Yan Feng , Tao Xiong , Ruofan Wu , LingJuan Lv , Leilei Shi

Federated learning enables collaborative machine learning while preserving data privacy, but high communication and computation costs, exacerbated by statistical and device heterogeneity, limit its practicality in mobile edge computing.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-30 Jinghong Tan , Zhichen Zhang , Kun Guo , Tsung-Hui Chang , Tony Q. S. Quek

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training with privacy preservation. Data heterogeneity across edge devices (clients) can cause models to converge to sharp minima, negatively impacting generalization and robustness.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Debora Caldarola , Pietro Cagnasso , Barbara Caputo , Marco Ciccone

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a distributed machine learning (ML) technique that can protect local data privacy for participating clients and improve system efficiency. Instead of sharing raw data, FL exchanges intermediate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Xiang Ma , Haijian Sun , Rose Qingyang Hu , Yi Qian

A fundamental issue for federated learning (FL) is how to achieve optimal model performance under highly dynamic communication environments. This issue can be alleviated by the fact that modern edge devices usually can connect to the edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Haizhou Du , Xiaojie Feng , Qiao Xiang , Haoyu Liu

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising paradigm that offers significant advancements in privacy-preserving, decentralized machine learning by enabling collaborative training of models across distributed devices without centralizing data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Khiem Le , Nhan Luong-Ha , Manh Nguyen-Duc , Danh Le-Phuoc , Cuong Do , Kok-Seng Wong

The Federated Learning (FL) workflow of training a centralized model with distributed data is growing in popularity. However, until recently, this was the realm of contributing clients with similar computing capability. The fast expanding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Hongrui Shi , Valentin Radu

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that enhances users privacy by eliminating the need for clients to share raw, private data with the server. Despite the success, recent studies expose the vulnerability of FL to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jing Wu , Munawar Hayat , Mingyi Zhou , Mehrtash Harandi

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed training paradigm that enables clients scattered across the world to cooperatively learn a global model without divulging confidential data. However, FL faces a significant challenge in the form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Xidong Wu , Wan-Yi Lin , Devin Willmott , Filipe Condessa , Yufei Huang , Zhenzhen Li , Madan Ravi Ganesh

In the era of advanced technologies, mobile devices are equipped with computing and sensing capabilities that gather excessive amounts of data. These amounts of data are suitable for training different learning models. Cooperated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Muhammad Asad , Ahmed Moustafa , Takayuki Ito , Muhammad Aslam

Federated learning (FL) is an appealing concept to perform distributed training of Neural Networks (NN) while keeping data private. With the industrialization of the FL framework, we identify several problems hampering its successful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Lixuan Yang , Cedric Beliard , Dario Rossi

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple devices to collaboratively learn a global model without sharing their personal data. In real-world applications, the different parties are likely to have heterogeneous data distribution and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Ouiame Marnissi , Hajar El Hammouti , El Houcine Bergou

The traditional framework of federated learning (FL) requires each client to re-train their models in every iteration, making it infeasible for resource-constrained mobile devices to train deep-learning (DL) models. Split learning (SL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Manas Wadhwa , Gagan Raj Gupta , Ashutosh Sahu , Rahul Saini , Vidhi Mittal

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a powerful approach to safeguard data privacy by training models across distributed edge devices without centralizing local data. Despite advancements in homogeneous data scenarios, maintaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yuting Ma , Shengeng Tang , Xiaohua Xu , Lechao Cheng

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a new paradigm for training machine learning models distributively without sacrificing data security and privacy. Learning models on edge devices such as mobile phones is one of the most common use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Sixing Yu , Phuong Nguyen , Ali Anwar , Ali Jannesari

Federated learning (FL) is a promising approach for training decentralized data located on local client devices while improving efficiency and privacy. However, the distribution and quantity of the training data on the clients' side may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Lixu Wang , Shichao Xu , Xiao Wang , Qi Zhu

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without centralizing client data, making it attractive for privacy-sensitive domains. While existing approaches employ cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sahar Ghoflsaz Ghinani , Elaheh Sadredini

Federated Learning (FL) emerged as a learning method to enable the server to train models over data distributed among various clients. These clients are protective about their data being leaked to the server, any other client, or an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Uday Bhaskar , Varul Srivastava , Avyukta Manjunatha Vummintala , Naresh Manwani , Sujit Gujar