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We challenge the prevailing assumption that LLMs must rely fully on sub-word tokens for high-quality text generation. To this end, we propose the "Generative Pretrained Thoughtformer" (GPTHF), a hierarchical transformer language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 David Gu , Peter Belcak , Roger Wattenhofer

This paper investigates controllable generation for large language models (LLMs) with prompt-based control, focusing on Lexically Constrained Generation (LCG). We systematically evaluate the performance of LLMs on satisfying lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bingxuan Li , Yiwei Wang , Tao Meng , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

Current language models demonstrate remarkable proficiency in text generation. However, for many applications it is desirable to control attributes, such as sentiment, or toxicity, of the generated language -- ideally tailored towards each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Justin Lovelace , Varsha Kishore , Yiwei Chen , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional language generation capabilities in response to text-based prompts. However, controlling the direction of generation via textual prompts has been challenging, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Rohan Deepak Ajwani , Zining Zhu , Jonathan Rose , Frank Rudzicz

Large-scale Causal Language Models (CLMs), e.g., GPT3 and ChatGPT, have brought great success in text generation. However, it is still an open challenge to control the generation process of CLM while balancing flexibility, control…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Hanqing Zhang , Sun Si , Haiming Wu , Dawei Song

Utilizing large language models (LLMs) for data augmentation has yielded encouraging results in mathematical reasoning. However, these approaches face constraints in problem diversity, potentially restricting them to in-domain/distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Nuo Chen , Ning Wu , Jianhui Chang , Jia Li

Recent language models, especially those based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs), make it possible to generate natural language from a learned probability. Language generation has wide applications including machine translation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-01-05 Lili Mou , Rui Yan , Ge Li , Lu Zhang , Zhi Jin

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed more widely, customization with respect to vocabulary, style, and character becomes more important. In this work, we introduce model arithmetic, a novel inference framework for composing and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Jasper Dekoninck , Marc Fischer , Luca Beurer-Kellner , Martin Vechev

The dominant approach to generating from language models subject to some constraint is locally constrained decoding (LCD), incrementally sampling tokens at each time step such that the constraint is never violated. Typically, this is…

Large Language Models (LLM) have achieved remarkable performance across a large number of tasks, but face critical deployment and usage barriers due to substantial computational requirements. Model compression methods, which aim to reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 David Ponce , Thierry Etchegoyhen , Javier Del Ser

Data-driven generative models excel in language and vision, but diffusion models often fail in constrained planning and design tasks, exhibiting severe constraint violations in engineering inverse design, molecular generation, multi-robot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zirui Zhao , Boye Niu , Harold Soh , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee

While most research on controllable text generation has focused on steering base Language Models, the emerging instruction-tuning and prompting paradigm offers an alternate approach to controllability. We compile and release ConGenBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Dhananjay Ashok , Barnabas Poczos

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3, PaLM, and Llama has significantly transformed natural language processing, showcasing remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating language. However, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yifan Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved notable success in code generation. However, they still frequently produce uncompilable output because their next-token inference procedure does not model formal aspects of code. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Niels Mündler , Jingxuan He , Hao Wang , Koushik Sen , Dawn Song , Martin Vechev

Large-scale pre-trained language models have demonstrated strong capabilities of generating realistic text. However, it remains challenging to control the generation results. Previous approaches such as prompting are far from sufficient,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Xu Zou , Da Yin , Qingyang Zhong , Ming Ding , Hongxia Yang , Zhilin Yang , Jie Tang

Recent advancements in large language models have revolutionized text generation with their remarkable capabilities. These models can produce controlled texts that closely adhere to specific requirements when prompted appropriately.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Zhe Yang , Yi Huang , Yaqin Chen , Xiaoting Wu , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng

While recent studies have looked into the abilities of large language models in various benchmark tasks, including question generation, reading comprehension, multilingual and etc, there have been few studies looking into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jiao Sun , Yufei Tian , Wangchunshu Zhou , Nan Xu , Qian Hu , Rahul Gupta , John Frederick Wieting , Nanyun Peng , Xuezhe Ma

Transformer language models can generate strikingly natural text by modeling language as a sequence of tokens, but by relying primarily on surface-level co-occurrence statistics they fail to form globally consistent latent representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , James McClelland

We consider the task of text generation in language models with constraints specified in natural language. To this end, we first create a challenging benchmark Cognac that provides as input to the model a topic with example text, along with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Howard Chen , Huihan Li , Danqi Chen , Karthik Narasimhan

Autoregressive Language Models (LLMs) trained on Next-Token Prediction (NTP) often suffer from Topic Drift where the generation wanders away from the initial prompt due to a reliance on local associations rather than global planning. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Darshan Fofadiya