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Zero-shot text classification (0Shot-TC) is a challenging NLU problem to which little attention has been paid by the research community. 0Shot-TC aims to associate an appropriate label with a piece of text, irrespective of the text domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Wenpeng Yin , Jamaal Hay , Dan Roth

There are two approaches for pairwise sentence scoring: Cross-encoders, which perform full-attention over the input pair, and Bi-encoders, which map each input independently to a dense vector space. While cross-encoders often achieve higher…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Nandan Thakur , Nils Reimers , Johannes Daxenberger , Iryna Gurevych

General-purpose multilingual vector representations, used in retrieval, regression and classification, are traditionally obtained from bidirectional encoder models. Despite their wide applicability, encoders have been recently overshadowed…

A significant roadblock in multilingual neural language modeling is the lack of labeled non-English data. One potential method for overcoming this issue is learning cross-lingual text representations that can be used to transfer the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Muthuraman Chidambaram , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer , Steve Yuan , Yun-Hsuan Sung , Brian Strope , Ray Kurzweil

The many-to-many multilingual neural machine translation can be regarded as the process of integrating semantic features from the source sentences and linguistic features from the target sentences. To enhance zero-shot translation, models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Mengyu Bu , Shuhao Gu , Yang Feng

Matching and retrieving previously translated segments from a Translation Memory is the key functionality in Translation Memories systems. However this matching and retrieving process is still limited to algorithms based on edit distance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Tharindu Ranasinghe , Constantin Orasan , Ruslan Mitkov

The advancements in large language models (LLMs) have brought significant progress in NLP tasks. However, if a task cannot be fully described in prompts, the models could fail to carry out the task. In this paper, we propose a simple yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hwiyeol Jo , Hyunwoo Lee , Kang Min Yoo , Taiwoo Park

We propose BERTScore, an automatic evaluation metric for text generation. Analogously to common metrics, BERTScore computes a similarity score for each token in the candidate sentence with each token in the reference sentence. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Tianyi Zhang , Varsha Kishore , Felix Wu , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Yoav Artzi

Zero-shot graph embedding is a major challenge for supervised graph learning. Although a recent method RECT has shown promising performance, its working mechanisms are not clear and still needs lots of training data. In this paper, we give…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Zheng Wang , Ruihang Shao , Changping Wang , Changjun Hu , Chaokun Wang , Zhiguo Gong

Foundation models have emerged as powerful tools across various domains including language, vision, and multimodal tasks. While prior works have addressed unsupervised image segmentation, they significantly lag behind supervised models. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Paul Couairon , Mustafa Shukor , Jean-Emmanuel Haugeard , Matthieu Cord , Nicolas Thome

Concept erasure in text-to-image diffusion models is crucial for mitigating harmful content, yet existing methods often compromise generative quality. We introduce Semantic Surgery, a novel training-free, zero-shot framework for concept…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Lexiang Xiong , Chengyu Liu , Jingwen Ye , Yan Liu , Yuecong Xu

One of the most impressive results of recent NLP history is the ability of pre-trained language models to solve new tasks in a zero-shot setting. To achieve this, NLP tasks are framed as natural language prompts, generating a response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Chunting Zhou , Junxian He , Xuezhe Ma , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Graham Neubig

Sentence compression is the task of creating a shorter version of an input sentence while keeping important information. In this paper, we extend the task of compression by deletion with the use of contextual embeddings. Different from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Minh-Tien Nguyen , Bui Cong Minh , Dung Tien Le , Le Thai Linh

Semantic segmentation, which aims to acquire a detailed understanding of images, is an essential issue in computer vision. However, in practical scenarios, new categories that are different from the categories in training usually appear.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Haiyang Liu , Yichen Wang , Jiayi Zhao , Guowu Yang , Fengmao Lv

User-Defined Text Classification (UDTC) considers the challenge of classifying input text to user-specified, previously unseen classes, a setting that arises frequently in real-world applications such as enterprise analytics, content…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Charu Maheshwari , Vyas Raina

Filtering and annotating textual data are routine tasks in many areas, like social media or news analytics. Automating these tasks allows to scale the analyses wrt. speed and breadth of content covered and decreases the manual effort…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Simon Münker , Kai Kugler , Achim Rettinger

When performing Polarity Detection for different words in a sentence, we need to look at the words around to understand the sentiment. Massively pretrained language models like BERT can encode not only just the words in a document but also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Natesh Reddy , Pranaydeep Singh , Muktabh Mayank Srivastava

Encoder-only transformer models such as BERT offer a great performance-size tradeoff for retrieval and classification tasks with respect to larger decoder-only models. Despite being the workhorse of numerous production pipelines, there have…

Prompt-based methods have been successfully applied in sentence-level few-shot learning tasks, mostly owing to the sophisticated design of templates and label words. However, when applied to token-level labeling tasks such as NER, it would…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Ruotian Ma , Xin Zhou , Tao Gui , Yiding Tan , Linyang Li , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

We propose a new paradigm for zero-shot learners that is format agnostic, i.e., it is compatible with any format and applicable to a list of language tasks, such as text classification, commonsense reasoning, coreference resolution, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Ping Yang , Junjie Wang , Ruyi Gan , Xinyu Zhu , Lin Zhang , Ziwei Wu , Xinyu Gao , Jiaxing Zhang , Tetsuya Sakai