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We first present spatially resolved ALMA and VLA continuum observations of the early-M red supergiant Antares to search for the presence of a chromosphere at radio wavelengths. We resolve the free-free emission of the Antares atmosphere at…

The presence of phosphine (PH$_3$) in the atmosphere of Venus was reported by Greaves et al. (2021a), based on observations of the J=1-0 transition at 267 GHz using ground-based, millimeter-wave spectroscopy. This unexpected discovery…

We study the spatial and temporal variability in Jupiter's atmosphere by comparing longitude-resolved brightness temperature maps from the Very Large Array (VLA) radio observatory and NASA's Juno spacecraft Microwave Radiometer (MWR) taken…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-31 Joanna Hardesty , Chris Moeckel , Imke de Pater

On January 10 and 13, 2001, Venus was observed for the first time with an X-ray astronomy satellite. The observation, performed with the ACIS-I and LETG/ACIS-S instruments on Chandra, yielded data of high spatial, spectral, and temporal…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 K. Dennerl , V. Burwitz , J. Englhauser , C. Lisse , S. Wolk

We present the detection and characterisation of mesoscale waves on the lower clouds of Venus using images from the Visible Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer onboard the European Venus Express space mission and from the 2 $\mu$m camera…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-19 J. E. Silva , P. Machado , J. Peralta , F. Brasil , S. Lebonnois , M. Lefèvre

Solar observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) provide us with direct measurements of the brightness temperature in the solar chromosphere. We study the temperature distributions obtained with ALMA Band 6…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-13 Shahin Jafarzadeh , Sven Wedemeyer , Mikolaj Szydlarski , Bart De Pontieu , Reza Rezaei , Mats Carlsson

The absolute brightness temperature of the Sun at millimeter wavelengths is an important diagnostic of the solar chromosphere. Because the Sun is so bright, measurement of this property usually involves the operation of telescopes under…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-02 Kazumasa Iwai , Masumi Shimojo , Shinichiro Asayama , Tetsuhiro Minamidani , Stephen White , Timothy Bastian , Masao Saito

We have observed the cosmic microwave background temperature fluctuations in eight fields covering three separated areas of sky with the Very Small Array at 34 GHz. A total area of 101 square degrees has been imaged, with sensitivity on…

The absolute temperature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) has been measured at a frequency of 1280 MHz. The observation was made with a modified version of the L-band receiver used in the Giant Metre wavelength Radio Telescope…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Raghunathan , R. Subrahmanyan

One of the striking features about Venus atmosphere is its temporal variability and dynamics, with a chaotic polar vortex, large-scale atmospheric waves, sheared features, and variable winds that depend on local time and possibly orographic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-05 A. Cardesin-Moinelo , G. Piccioni , A. Migliorini , D. Grassi , V. Cottini , D. Titov , R. Politi , F. Nuccilli , P. Drossart

Our knowledge of Saturns neutral thermosphere is far superior to that of the other giant planets due to Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) observations of 15 solar occultations and 26 stellar occultations analyzed to date.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-26 Darrell F. Strobel , Tommi Koskinen , Ingo Mueller-Wodarg

We report Venus image observations around the two maximum elongations of the planet at June and October 2015. From these images we describe the global atmospheric dynamics and cloud morphology in the planet before the arrival of JAXA…

The atmosphere of a transiting planet shields the stellar radiation providing us with a powerful method to estimate its size and density. In particular, because of their high ionization energy, atoms with high atomic number (Z) absorb…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-02 Fabio Reale , Angelo F. Gambino , Giuseppina Micela , Antonio Maggio , Thomas Widemann , Giuseppe Piccioni

There are a handful of spectral windows in the near-IR through which we can see down to Venus' surface on the night side of the planet. The surface of our sister planet has thus been imaged by sensors on Venus-orbiting platforms (Venus…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-02 Anthony B. Davis

In this study, we analyzed millimeter-wave data toward the quasar PKS1830-211 observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array to obtain absorption spectra of HCN $J$=2-1, $J$=3-2, $J$=4-3, and $J$=5-4 lines at the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-26 Tatsuya Kotani , Tomoharu Oka , Rei Enokiya , Kazuki Yanagihara , Miyuki Kaneko , Ryo Ariyama

The Planck mission detected thousands of extragalactic radio sources at frequencies from 28 to 857 GHz. Planck's calibration is absolute (in the sense that it is based on the satellite's annual motion around the Sun and the temperature of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-27 B. Partridge , M. López-Caniego , R. A. Perley , J. Stevens , B. J. Butler , G. Rocha , B. Walter , A. Zacchei

We present a study of water vapour in the Venus troposphere obtained by modelling specific water vapour absorption bands within the 1.18 \mu m window. We compare the results with the normal technique of obtaining the abundance by matching…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-12-06 S. Chamberlain , J. A. Bailey , D. Crisp , V. S. Meadows

Inverse Compton cooling limits the brightness temperature of the radiating plasma to a maximum of $10^{11.5}$ K. Relativistic boosting can increase its observed value, but apparent brightness temperatures much in excess of $10^{13}$ K are…

Following the announcement of the detection of phosphine (PH$_3$) in the cloud deck of Venus at millimeter wavelengths, we have searched for other possible signatures of this molecule in the infrared range. Since 2012, we have been…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-04 T. Encrenaz , T. K. Greathouse , E. Marcq , T. Widemann , B. Bézard , T. Fouchet , R. Giles , H. Sagawa , J. Greaves , C. Sousa-Silva

We present the first full-disk solar images obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Band 7 (0.86 mm; 347 GHz). In spite of the low spatial resolution (21"), several interesting results were obtained. During…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-25 C. E. Alissandrakis , T. S. Bastian , A. Nindos