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Related papers: The Self-Perception and Political Biases of ChatGP…

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This work investigates the political biases and personality traits of ChatGPT, specifically comparing GPT-3.5 to GPT-4. In addition, the ability of the models to emulate political viewpoints (e.g., liberal or conservative positions) is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Erik Weber , Jérôme Rutinowski , Niklas Jost , Markus Pauly

As leading examples of large language models, ChatGPT and Gemini claim to provide accurate and unbiased information, emphasizing their commitment to political neutrality and avoidance of personal bias. This research investigates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Dogus Yuksel , Mehmet Cem Catalbas , Bora Oc

The Political Compass Test (PCT) and similar surveys are commonly used to assess political bias in auto-regressive LLMs. Our rigorous statistical experiments show that while changes to standard generation parameters have minimal effect on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Sadia Kamal , Lalu Prasad Yadav Prakash , S M Rafiuddin , Mohammed Rakib , Atriya Sen , Sagnik Ray Choudhury

We explore the political and ideological positioning of ChatGPT, a leading large language model (LLM), by comparing its responses to political economy questions from the European Social Survey (ESS). The questions concern environmental…

General Economics · Economics 2025-03-10 Leonardo Becchetti , Nazaria Solferino

Political biases in Large Language Model (LLM)-based artificial intelligence (AI) systems, such as OpenAI's ChatGPT or Google's Gemini, have been previously reported. While several prior studies have attempted to quantify these biases using…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-17 David Rozado

The analysis of political biases in large language models (LLMs) has primarily examined these systems as single entities with fixed viewpoints. While various methods exist for measuring such biases, the impact of persona-based prompting on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Pietro Bernardelle , Leon Fröhling , Stefano Civelli , Riccardo Lunardi , Kevin Roitero , Gianluca Demartini

Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) disrupts how humans interact with technology. Recently, OpenAI introduced ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art dialogue model that can converse with its human counterparts with unprecedented capabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Jochen Hartmann , Jasper Schwenzow , Maximilian Witte

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integral to information dissemination and decision-making processes. Given their growing societal influence, understanding potential biases, particularly within the political domain, is crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Konrad Löhr , Shuzhou Yuan , Michael Färber

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in everyday tools and applications, raising concerns about their potential influence on political views. While prior research has shown that LLMs often exhibit measurable political…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Daniil Gurgurov , Katharina Trinley , Ivan Vykopal , Josef van Genabith , Simon Ostermann , Roberto Zamparelli

Recent studies have revealed a consistent liberal orientation in the ethical and political responses generated by most commercial large language models (LLMs), yet the underlying causes and resulting implications remain unclear. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 W. Russell Neuman , Chad Coleman , Ali Dasdan , Safinah Ali , Manan Shah , Kund Meghani

This study examines the political bias of chatbots powered by large language models, namely ChatGPT and Gemini, in the context of the 2024 European Parliament elections. The research focused on the evaluation of political parties…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Michael Haman , Milan Školník

Conversational AI has been proposed as a scalable way to correct public misconceptions and spread misinformation. Yet its effectiveness may depend on perceptions of its political neutrality. As LLMs enter partisan conflict, elites…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Matthew DiGiuseppe , Joshua Robison

Given the rapid advancement of large-scale language models, artificial intelligence (AI) models, like ChatGPT, are playing an increasingly prominent role in human society. However, to ensure that artificial intelligence models benefit human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Hang Yuan , Zhongyue Che , Shao Li , Yue Zhang , Xiaomeng Hu , Siyang Luo

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed, understanding how they express political positioning is important for evaluating alignment and downstream effects. We audit 26 contemporary LLMs using three political psychometric…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Adib Sakhawat , Tahsin Islam , Takia Farhin , Syed Rifat Raiyan , Hasan Mahmud , Md Kamrul Hasan

Prompt-based language models like GPT4 and LLaMa have been used for a wide variety of use cases such as simulating agents, searching for information, or for content analysis. For all of these applications and others, political biases in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Mats Faulborn , Indira Sen , Max Pellert , Andreas Spitz , David Garcia

The rising popularity of ChatGPT and other AI-powered large language models (LLMs) has led to increasing studies highlighting their susceptibility to mistakes and biases. However, most of these studies focus on models trained on English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Di Zhou , Yinxian Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly evaluated for political bias based on their responses to fixed questionnaires, which typically place frontier models on the political left. A parallel literature shows that LLMs are sycophantic:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Petter Törnberg , Michelle Schimmel

Political bias in Large Language Models (LLMs) presents a growing concern for the responsible deployment of AI systems. Traditional audits often attempt to locate a model's political position as a point estimate, masking the broader set of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Leif Azzopardi , Yashar Moshfeghi

Large Language Models (LLMs) distinguish themselves by quickly delivering information and providing personalized responses through natural language prompts. However, they also infer user demographics, which can raise ethical concerns about…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Pelin Karadal , Dilara Kekulluoglu

ChatGPT is notorious for its intransparent behavior. This paper tries to shed light on this, providing an in-depth analysis of the dark personality traits and conspiracy beliefs of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4. Different psychological tests and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Erik Weber , Jérôme Rutinowski , Markus Pauly
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