Related papers: Calibration of photomultiplier tubes
In this article, a new method is discussed for the calibration and monitoring of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). This method is based on a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and it is fast and general so that it can be used in cases where an…
The accurate calibration of photomultiplier tubes is critical in a wide variety of applications for which it is necessary to know the absolute number of detected photons or precisely determine the resolution of the signal. Conventional…
The purpose of the present article is to offer an analytical model that can be used for the calibration of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The derivation of the mathematical formulae is discussed extensively and we apply this machinery to a…
Photomultipliers are commonly used in commercial PET scanner as devices which convert light produced in scintillator by gamma quanta from positron-electron annihilation into electrical signal. For proper analysis of obtained electrical…
An analytical function is derived that exactly describes the amplification process due to a series of discrete, Poisson-like amplifications like those in a photo multiplier tube (PMT). A numerical recipe is provided that implements this…
We describe an improved in-situ calibration of the single-photoelectron charge distributions for each of the in-ice Hamamatsu Photonics R7081-02[MOD] photomultiplier tubes in the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The characterization of the…
A method is described that allows calibration and assessment of the linearity of response of an array of photomultiplier tubes. The method does not require knowledge of the photomultiplier single photoelectron response model and uses…
Image computation is a fundamental tool for performance assessment of astronomical instrumentation, usually implemented by Fourier transform techniques. We review the numerical implementation, evaluating a direct implementation of the…
Detection of low-intensity light relies on the conversion of photons to photoelectrons, which are then multiplied and detected as an electrical signal. To measure the actual intensity of the light, one must know the factor by which the…
Combining images with different exposure settings are of prime importance in the field of computational photography. Both transform domain approach and filtering based approaches are possible for fusing multiple exposure images, to obtain…
We derive the full expression for the shape of the charge spectrum that results from the illumination of a photo-multiplier tube. The derivation is for low intensity illumination with constant gain, a common condition for most nuclear and…
In many applications, such as the detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays using the air fluorescence method, the number of photons incident on the detector must be known. This requires a precise knowledge of the absolute efficiency of…
In this paper, we address the calibration of the quantum efficiency of single-photon cameras using radioluminescent light sources. The proposed methods are subsequently compared with absolute calibration techniques based on the detection of…
We present a method to calibrate wavefront distortion of the spatial light modulator setup by registering far field images of several Gaussian beams diffracted off the modulator. The Fourier transform of resulting interference images…
We present the precision calibration of 35 Hamamatsu R11410-22 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with xenon scintillation light centred near 175 nm. This particular PMT variant was developed specifically for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter…
This paper demonstrates a novel method to extract photomultiplier tube (PMT) calibration timing constants in large liquid scintillation detectors from physics data using the machinery of unsupervised deep learning. The approach uses a…
We have investigated the possibility of calibrating the PMTs of scintillation detectors, using the primary scintillation produced by X-rays to induce single photoelectron response of the PMT. The high-energy tail of this response, can be…
Fourier ptychography captures intensity images with varying source patterns (illumination angles) in order to computationally reconstruct large space-bandwidth-product images. Accurate knowledge of the illumination angles is necessary for…
Photonic computing has emerged as a promising platform for accelerating computational tasks with high degrees of parallelism, such as image processing and neural network. We present meta-DFT (discrete Fourier transform), a single layer…
Monoenergetic photons from a pulsed laser diode or LED are commonly used to calibrate the detector response of high-resolution calorimetric detectors. However, when the detector's resolution is larger than the energy of a single photon, a…