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Let $G$ be a graph with $n$ vertices, and let $A(G)$ and $D(G)$ denote respectively the adjacency matrix and the degree matrix of $G$. Define $$ A_{\alpha}(G)=\alpha D(G)+(1-\alpha)A(G) $$ for any real $\alpha\in [0,1]$. The collection of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-05 Huiqiu Lin , Xiaogang Liu , Jie Xue

Complex networks or graphs are ubiquitous in sciences and engineering: biological networks, brain networks, transportation networks, social networks, and the World Wide Web, to name a few. Spectral graph theory provides a set of useful…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-23 Subhadeep Mukhopadhyay , Kaijun Wang

In this paper, we introduce a generalization of corona of graphs. This construction generalizes the generalized corona of graphs (consequently, the corona of graphs), the cluster of graphs, the corona-vertex subdivision graph of graphs and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-13 R. Rajkumar , M. Gayathri

Two simple undirected graphs are cospectral if their respective adjacency matrices have the same multiset of eigenvalues. Cospectrality yields an equivalence relation on the family of graphs which is provably weaker than isomorphism. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Gaurav Rattan , Tim Seppelt

We study cospectral vertices on finite graphs in relation to the echolocation problem on Riemannian manifolds. First, We prove a computationally simple criterion to determine whether two vertices are cospectral. Then, we use this criterion…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-22 Shi-Lei Kong , Emmett L. Wyman , Yakun Xi

The spectrum of the $k$-power hypergraph of a graph $G$ is called the $k$-ordered spectrum of $G$.If graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$ have same $k$-ordered spectrum for all positive integer $k\geq2$, $G_1$ and $G_2$ are said to be high-ordered…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-09 Lixiang Chen , Lizhu Sun , Changjiang Bu

Several researchers have recently explored various graph parameters that can or cannot be characterized by the spectrum of a matrix associated with a graph. In this paper we show that several NP-hard zero forcing numbers are not…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-25 Aida Abiad , Boris Brimkov , Jane Breen , Thomas R. Cameron , Himanshu Gupta , Ralihe R. Villagrán

This paper proposes a family of permutation-invariant graph embeddings, generalizing the Skew Spectrum of graphs of Kondor & Borgwardt (2008). Grounded in group theory and harmonic analysis, our method introduces a new class of graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Armando Bellante , Martin Plávala , Alessandro Luongo

We study the cohomology of complexes of ordinary (non-decorated) graphs, introduced by M. Kontsevich. We construct spectral sequences converging to zero whose first page contains the graph cohomology. In particular, these series may be used…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2015-02-23 Anton Khoroshkin , Thomas Willwacher , Marko Živković

Properties of graphs that can be characterized by the spectrum of the adjacency matrix of the graph have been studied systematically recently. Motivated by the complexity of these properties, we show that there are such properties for which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Omid Etesami , Willem H. Haemers

Two emerging topics in graph theory are the study of cospectral vertices of a graph, and the study of isospectral reductions of graphs. In this paper, we prove a fundamental relationship between these two areas, which is that two vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-19 Mark Kempton , John Sinkovic , Dallas Smith , Benjamin Webb

Let $G$ be an $n$-vertex graph with adjacency matrix $A$, and $W=[e,Ae,\ldots,A^{n-1}e]$ be the walk matrix of $G$, where $e$ is the all-one vector. In Wang [J. Combin. Theory, Ser. B, 122 (2017): 438-451], the author showed that any graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Wei Wang , Wei Wang , Tao Yu

Spectral analysis connects graph structure to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of associated matrices. Much of spectral graph theory descends directly from spectral geometry, the study of differentiable manifolds through the spectra of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Kun Dong , Austin R. Benson , David Bindel

The problem of characterizing graphs determined by their spectrum (DS) or generalized spectrum (DGS) has been a longstanding topic of interest in spectral graph theory, originating from questions in chemistry and mathematical physics. While…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Muhammad Raza , Mudassir Shabbir , Waseem Abbas

This paper presents a new graph isomorphism invariant, called $\mathfrak{w}$-labeling, that can be used to design a polynomial-time algorithm for solving the graph isomorphism problem for various graph classes. For example, all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Alpár Jüttner , Péter Madarasi

For each $b \geq 5$ we construct a pair of cospectral $b$-regular graphs, where one has a perfect matching and the other one not. This solves a research problem posed by the third author at the 22nd British Combinatorial Conference.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-08 Zoltan L. Blazsik , Jay Cummings , Willem H. Haemers

We provide three infinite families of graphs in the Johnson and Grassmann schemes that are not uniquely determined by their spectrum. We do so by constructing graphs that are cospectral but non-isomorphic to these graphs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-29 Aida Abiad , Jozefien D'haeseleer , Willem H. Haemers , Robin Simoens

Two graphs having the same spectrum are said to be cospectral. A pair of singularly cospectral graphs is formed by two graphs such that the absolute values of their nonzero eigenvalues coincide. Clearly, a pair of cospectral graphs is also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-22 Cristian M. Conde , Ezequiel Dratman , Luciano N. Grippo

Characterizing graphs by their spectra is an important topic in spectral graph theory, which has attracted a lot of attention of researchers in recent years. It is generally very hard and challenging to show a given graph to be determined…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-02 Wei Wang , Fenjin Liu , Wei Wang

In this article we are introducing combinatorial spectra of graphs, this is a generalization of $H$-Hamiltonian spectra. The main motivation was to made from $H$-Hamiltonian spectra an operation and develop some algebra in this field. An…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-21 Martin Dzúrik