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Latin tableaux are a generalization of Latin squares, which first appeared in the early 2000's in a paper of Chow, Fan, Goemans, and Vondr\'{a}k. Here, we extend the notion of isotopy, a permutation group action, from Latin squares to Latin…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-02 R. Karpman , É. Roldán

Two Latin squares $L=[l(i,j)]$ and $M=[m(i,j)]$, of even order $n$ with entries $\{0,1,2,\ldots,n-1\}$, are said to be nearly orthogonal if the superimposition of $L$ on $M$ yields an $n\times n$ array $A=[(l(i,j),m(i,j))]$ in which each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-31 Fatih Demirkale , Diane Donovan , Abdollah Khodkar

A Latin hypercuboid of order $n$ is a $d$-dimensional matrix of dimensions $n\times n\times\cdots\times n\times k$, with symbols from a set of cardinality $n$ such that each symbol occurs at most once in each axis-parallel line. If $k=n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Candida Bowtell , Alice Devillers , André Kündgen , Padraig Ó Catháin , Ian M. Wanless

A latin bitrade $(T^{\diamond}, T^{\otimes})$ is a pair of partial latin squares which defines the difference between two arbitrary latin squares $L^{\diamond} \supseteq T^{\diamond}$ and $L^{\diamond} \supseteq T^{\otimes}$ of the same…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-03-08 Carlo Hamalainen

We define a cover of a Latin square to be a set of entries that includes at least one representative of each row, column and symbol. A cover is minimal if it does not contain any smaller cover. A partial transversal is a set of entries that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-30 Darcy Best , Trent Marbach , Rebecca J. Stones , Ian M. Wanless

Two Latin squares of order $n$ are $r$-orthogonal if, when superimposed, there are exactly $r$ distinct ordered pairs. The spectrum of all values of $r$ for Latin squares of order $n$ is known. A Latin square $A$ of order $n$ is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Sergey Bereg

Every Latin square of prime power order $q$ is uniquely described by a local permutation polynomial (LPP) in the polynomial ring $\mathbb{F}_q[x,y]$. Despite this equivalence, one may find in the literature only some preliminary results on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Raúl M. Falcón , Jaime Gutiérrez , Jorge Jiménez Urroz

We have performed a complete enumeration of non-isotopic triples of mutually orthogonal $k\times n$ Latin rectangles for $k\leq n \leq 7$. Here we will present a census of such triples, classified by various properties, including the order…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-31 Gerold Jäger , Klas Markström , Lars-Daniel Öhman , Denys Shcherbak

For $\mu$ given latin squares of order $n$, they have {\sf $k$ intersection} when they have $k$ identical cells and $n^2-k$ cells with mutually different entries. For each $n\geq 1$ the set of integers $k$ such that there exist $\mu$ latin…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-17 P. Adams , E. S. Mahmoodian , H. Minooei , M. Mohammadi Nevisi

A quantum Latin square of order $n$ (denoted as QLS$(n)$) is an $n\times n$ array whose entries are unit column vectors from the $n$-dimensional Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_n$, such that each row and column forms an orthonormal basis. Two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Ying Zhang , Lijun Ji

The logarithm of the maximum number of transversals over all latin squares of order $n$ is greater than $\frac{n}{6}(\ln n+ O(1))$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-01 Vladimir N. Potapov

We consider the problem of constructing Latin cubes subject to the condition that some symbols may not appear in certain cells. We prove that there is a constant $\gamma > 0$ such that if $n=2^k$ and $A$ is $3$-dimensional $n\times n\times…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-10 Carl Johan Casselgren , Klas Markström , Lan Anh Pham

We study equitable partitions of Latin-square graphs, and give a complete classification of those whose quotient matrix does not have an eigenvalue $-3$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-31 R. A. Bailey , Peter J. Cameron , Alexander L. Gavrilyuk , Sergey V. Goryainov

We prove a general result on completing objects similar to Latin rectangles in which the number of occurrences of each symbol is prescribed, each cell contains multiple symbols, and no cell contains repeated symbols. This generalizes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Amin Bahmanian

In this paper, we first present the relation between a transversal in a Latin square with some concepts in its Latin square graph, and give an equivalent condition for a Latin square has an orthogonal mate. The most famous open problem…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-17 Adel P. Kazemi , Behnaz Pahlavsay

A classical question in combinatorics is the following: given a partial latin square P, when can we complete P to a latin square L? In this paper, we will investigate the class of \leq\epsilon-dense partial latin squares: partial latin…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-06-04 Padraic Bartlett

Symmetries of a partial Latin square are determined by its autotopism group. Analogously to the case of Latin squares, given an isotopism $\Theta$, the cardinality of the set $\mathcal{PLS}_{\Theta}$ of partial Latin squares which are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-07 R. M. Falcón

A Costas latin square of order n is a set of n disjoint Costas arrays of the same order. Costas latin squares are studied here from a construction as well as a classification point of view. A complete classification is carried out up to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-02-08 J. H. Dinitz , P. R. J. Ostergard , D. R. Stinson

An array is row-Latin if no symbol is repeated within any row. An array is Latin if it and its transpose are both row-Latin. A transversal in an $n\times n$ array is a selection of $n$ different symbols from different rows and different…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-10 Darcy Best , Kevin Hendrey , Ian M. Wanless , Tim E. Wilson , David R. Wood

A quantum Latin square of order $n$ (denoted as QLS$(n)$) is an $n\times n$ array whose entries are unit column vectors from the $n$-dimensional Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_n$, such that each row and column forms an orthonormal basis. Two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Ying Zhang , Xin Wang , Lijun Ji