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The status of locality in quantum mechanics is analyzed from a nonstandard point of view. It is assumed that quantum states are relative, they depend on and are defined with respect to some bigger physical system which contains the former…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gyula Bene

We give a convenient representation for any map that is covariant with respect to an irreducible representation of SU(2), and use this representation to analyze the evolution of a quantum directional reference frame when it is exploited as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-03-14 J. -C. Boileau , L. Sheridan , M. Laforest , S. D. Bartlett

The framework of internal quantum reference frames (QRFs) constitutes a universal toolset for dealing with symmetries in quantum theory and has led to new revelations in quantum gravity, gauge theories and foundational physics. Multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Julian De Vuyst , Philipp A. Hoehn , Artur Tsobanjan

Quantum information science is a source of task-related axioms whose consequences can be explored in general settings encompassing quantum mechanics, classical theory, and more. Quantum states are compendia of probabilities for the outcomes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Howard Barnum

A quantum frame is defined by a material object subject to the laws of quantum mechanics. The present paper studies the relations between quantum frames, which in the classical case are described by elements of the Poincare' group. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-17 M. Toller

In the absence of external relata, internal quantum reference frames (QRFs) appear widely in the literature on quantum gravity, gauge theories and quantum foundations. Here, we extend the perspective-neutral approach to QRF covariance to…

In physical experiments, reference frames are standardly modelled through a specific choice of coordinates used to describe the physical systems, but they themselves are not considered as such. However, any reference frame is a physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-01 Marion Mikusch , Luis C. Barbado , Časlav Brukner

In this paper, I propose a project of enlisting quantum information science as a source of task-oriented axioms for use in the investigation of operational theories in a general framework capable of encompassing quantum mechanics, classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Howard Barnum

The notion that any physical quantity is defined and measured relative to a reference frame is traditionally not explicitly reflected in the theoretical description of physical experiments where, instead, the relevant observables are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-25 Takayuki Miyadera , Leon Loveridge , Paul Busch

In operational quantum mechanics two measurements are called operationally equivalent if they yield the same distribution of outcomes in every quantum state and hence are represented by the same operator. In this paper, I will show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-24 Gábor Hofer-Szabó

The tight frames can be regarded as a particular case of POVMs (positive operator-valued measures describing generalized measurements), namely the case when all the operators are rank-one. Each orthonormal basis is a tight frame, and every…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Nicolae Cotfas

We find a necessary condition for subsystems to become entangled after a quantum reference frame transformation. By distinguishing between quantum systems suitable to act as reference frames and physical systems described relative to these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 T. Rick Perche , Natália Salomé Móller , Guilherme Franzmann

In general relativity, the causal structure between events is dynamical, but it is definite and observer-independent; events are point-like and the membership of an event A in the future or past light-cone of an event B is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-13 Philippe Allard Guérin , Časlav Brukner

Quantum reference frames have attracted renewed interest recently, as their exploration is relevant and instructive in many areas of quantum theory. Among the different types, position and time reference frames have captivated special…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Michael Suleymanov , Ismael L. Paiva , Eliahu Cohen

Physics is a model of nature able to both describe and predict the results of measurements made with respect to reference systems. These reference systems, in turn, are themselves physical and thus subject to the laws of physics. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Henrique A. R. Knopki , Renato M. Angelo

The standard formulation of quantum theory relies on a fixed space-time metric determining the localisation and causal order of events. In general relativity, the metric is influenced by matter, and is expected to become indefinite when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-08 Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Flaminia Giacomini , Alessio Belenchia , Časlav Brukner

We present a theory of "quantum references", similar to lenses in classical functional programming, that allow to point to a subsystem of a larger quantum system, and to mutate/measure that part. Mutable classical variables, quantum…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Dominique Unruh

A central theme in current work in quantum information and quantum foundations is to see quantum mechanics as occupying one point in a space of possible theories, and to use this perspective to understand the special features and properties…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-19 Samson Abramsky , Chris Heunen

Operational frameworks are very useful to study the foundations of quantum mechanics, and are sometimes used to promote antirealist attitudes towards the theory. The aim of this paper is to review three arguments aiming at defending an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Laurie Letertre

The concept of intrinsic and operational observables in quantum mechanics is introduced. In any realistic description of a quantum measurement that includes a macroscopic detecting device, it is possible to construct from the statistics of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 B. G. Englert , K. Wodkiewicz