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When a large language model under reinforcement learning commits a wrong reasoning step early in a trajectory, standard algorithms force it to keep generating until the maximum horizon, spending compute on tokens that never receive positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zihang Li , Rui Zhou , Yingcheng Shi , Wenhan Yu , Zhewen Tan , Zixiang Liu , Zeming Li , Binhua Li , Yongbin Li , Tong Yang , Jieping Ye

Model selection aims to identify a sufficiently well performing model that is possibly simpler than the most complex model among a pool of candidates. However, the decision-making process itself can inadvertently introduce non-negligible…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-08 Yann McLatchie , Aki Vehtari

We propose information-directed sampling -- a new approach to online optimization problems in which a decision-maker must balance between exploration and exploitation while learning from partial feedback. Each action is sampled in a manner…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-10 Daniel Russo , Benjamin Van Roy

We propose a statistically optimal approach to construct data-driven decisions for stochastic optimization problems. Fundamentally, a data-driven decision is simply a function that maps the available training data to a feasible action. It…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-18 Tobias Sutter , Bart P. G. Van Parys , Daniel Kuhn

The expected improvement (EI) is one of the most popular acquisition functions for Bayesian optimization (BO) and has demonstrated good empirical performances in many applications for the minimization of simple regret. However, under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Shouri Hu , Haowei Wang , Zhongxiang Dai , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Szu Hui Ng

Energy economy optimization (EEO) models employ formal search techniques to explore the future decision space over several decades in order to deliver policy-relevant insights. EEO models are a critical tool for decision-makers who must…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-01-30 Joseph F. DeCarolis , Kevin Hunter , Sarat Sreepathi

The approximation ratio has become one of the dominant measures in mechanism design problems. In light of analysis of algorithms, we define the \emph{smoothed approximation ratio} to compare the performance of the optimal mechanism and a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Xiaotie Deng , Yansong Gao , Jie Zhang

The ideal objective vector, which comprises the optimal values of the $m$ objective functions in an $m$-objective optimization problem, is an important concept in evolutionary multi-objective optimization. Accurate estimation of this vector…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ruihao Zheng , Zhenkun Wang , Yin Wu , Maoguo Gong

Uncertainty in optimization is often represented as stochastic parameters in the optimization model. In Predict-Then-Optimize approaches, predictions of a machine learning model are used as values for such parameters, effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Pieter Smet

Hyperparameter optimisation is a crucial process in searching the optimal machine learning model. The efficiency of finding the optimal hyperparameter settings has been a big concern in recent researches since the optimisation process could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Yuxi Huan , Fan Wu , Michail Basios , Leslie Kanthan , Lingbo Li , Baowen Xu

We study the regret performance of Sample Average Approximation (SAA) for data-driven newsvendor problems with general convex inventory costs. In literature, the optimality of SAA has not been fully established under both \alpha-global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Jiameng Lyu , Shilin Yuan , Bingkun Zhou , Yuan Zhou

The expected improvement (EI) algorithm is a popular strategy for information collection in optimization under uncertainty. The algorithm is widely known to be too greedy, but nevertheless enjoys wide use due to its simplicity and ability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Chao Qin , Diego Klabjan , Daniel Russo

Optimization software enables the solution of problems with millions of variables and associated parameters. These parameters are, however, often uncertain and represented with an analytical description of the parameter's distribution or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-17 John R. Birge

We revisit the sample average approximation (SAA) approach for non-convex stochastic programming. We show that applying the SAA approach to problems with expected value equality constraints does not necessarily result in asymptotic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-16 Thomas Lew , Riccardo Bonalli , Marco Pavone

In this paper, we consider two paradigms that are developed to account for uncertainty in optimization models: robust optimization (RO) and joint estimation-optimization (JEO). We examine recent developments on efficient and scalable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-16 Nam Ho-Nguyen , Fatma Kilinc-Karzan

In this paper, we discuss portfolio selection strategies for Enhanced Indexation (EI), which are based on stochastic dominance relations. The goal is to select portfolios that stochastically dominate a given benchmark but that, at the same…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-24 Francesco Cesarone , Justo Puerto

When the underlying probability distribution in a stochastic optimization is observed only through data, various data-driven formulations have been studied to obtain approximate optimal solutions. We show that no such formulations can, in a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-31 Henry Lam

We consider an online two-stage stochastic optimization with long-term constraints over a finite horizon of $T$ periods. At each period, we take the first-stage action, observe a model parameter realization and then take the second-stage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Jiashuo Jiang

The performance of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms deteriorates appreciably in solving many-objective optimization problems which encompass more than three objectives. One of the known rationales is the loss of selection pressure…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Yanan Sun , Gary G. Yen , Zhang Yi

We consider the setting of iterative learning control, or model-based policy learning in the presence of uncertain, time-varying dynamics. In this setting, we propose a new performance metric, planning regret, which replaces the standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Naman Agarwal , Elad Hazan , Anirudha Majumdar , Karan Singh