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Distance estimates derived from spectroscopy or parallax have been unified by considering extinction by large grains. The addition of such a population of what is called Dark Dust to models of the diffuse interstellar medium is tested…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-02-22 Ralf Siebenmorgen

Investigating the bubbles generated by the interaction between asymptotic giant branch stellar outflows and the interstellar medium (ISM) is pivotal for elucidating the mechanism by which evolved low- to intermediate-mass stars enrich the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-30 Jun-Yang Liu , Yong Zhang , Xu-Jia Ouyang

Stars are bad neighbors: they often disturb their surroundings. They sometimes travel very fast through the interstellar medium (ISM). They frequently undergo violent ejection events which leave an imprint on their neighborhood (jets,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-07 L. N. Tram , P. Lesaffre , S. Cabrit , P. T. Nhung

The interstellar medium (ISM) can be thought of as the galactic atmosphere which fills the space between stars. When clouds within the ISM collapse, stars are born. When the stars die, they return their matter to the surrounding gas.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 J. Bland-Hawthorn , R. J. Reynolds

The wavelength range 912-2000A (hereafter far-UV) provides access to absorption lines of the interstellar medium (ISM), circumgalactic medium (CGM), and intergalactic medium (IGM) in phases spanning a wide range of ionization, density,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-19 V. Lebouteiller , D. Kunth , J. Roman-Duval , P. Richter , C. Gry , B. James , A. Aloisi

We present a millimetre molecular line survey of seven high mass loss rate carbon stars in both the northern and southern skies. A total of 196 emission lines (47 transitions) from 24 molecular species were detected. The observed CO…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 P. M. Woods , F. L. Schoeier , L. -A. Nyman , H. Olofsson

Transient microstructure in the diffuse interstellar medium has been observed towards galactic and extragalactic sources for decades, usually in lines of atoms and ions, and, more recently, in molecular lines. Evidently, there is a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 T. A. Bell , S. Viti , D. A. Williams , I. A. Crawford , R. J. Price

It has recently been shown that turbulence in the interstellar medium (ISM) can significantly accelerate the growth of dust grains by accretion of molecules, but the turbulent gas-density distribution also plays a crucial role in shaping…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-09 Lars Mattsson

Supernova explosions (SNe) are among the most energetic events in the Universe. After the explosion, the material ejected by the Supernova expands throughout the interstellar medium (ISM) forming what is called Supernova Remnant (SNR).…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-12 Giuseppe Prete , Silvia Perri , Claudio Meringolo , Leonardo Primavera , Sergio Servidio

We combine observations of spiral galaxies in the [CII] line at 158 micron, made with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer aboard ISO, with previous data from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory to study the origin of this line, which is the main…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 D. Pierini , J. Lequeux , A. Boselli , K. J. Leech , H. J. Voelk

The relation between ices in the envelopes and disks surrounding YSOs and those in the quiescent interstellar medium is investigated. For a sample of 31 stars behind isolated dense cores, ground-based and Spitzer spectra and photometry in…

During the formation of a star, material is ejected along powerful jets that impact the ambient material. This outflow regulates star formation by e.g. inducing turbulence and heating the surrounding gas. Understanding the associated shocks…

Substructure in the interstellar medium (ISM) is crucial for establishing the correlation between star formation and feedback and has the capacity to significantly perturb stellar orbits, thus playing a central role in galaxy dynamics and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-06 Shaunak Modak , Eve C. Ostriker , Chris Hamilton , Scott Tremaine

Stars form in molecular clouds in the interstellar medium (ISM) with a turbulent kinematic state. Newborn stars therefore should retain the turbulent kinematics of their natal clouds. Gaia DR2 and APOGEE-2 surveys in combination provide…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-02-05 Trung Ha , Yuan Li , Siyao Xu , Marina Kounkel , Hui Li

This is a brief review of our understanding of the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) in dwarf galaxies in connection to their star formation activity. What are the dominant phases of the ISM in these objects? How do the properties…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-01-08 Alberto D. Bolatto

To understand the nature of SiO emission, we conducted ACA observations of the SiO (2-1) lines toward 146 massive star-forming regions, as part of the ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions (ATOMS) survey. We…

This review presents a perspective on recent advances in understanding neutral ISM structure in external galaxies. HI is a fundamental probe of galactic baryonic material, and its structure and distribution offer vital signatures of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. S. Oey

We use hydrodynamical simulations in a $(256\;{\rm pc})^3$ periodic box to model the impact of supernova (SN) explosions on the multi-phase interstellar medium (ISM) for initial densities $n = 0.5-30$ cm$^{-3}$ and SN rates $1-720$…

Outflows of pre-main-sequence stars drive shocks into molecular material within 0.01 - 1 pc of the young stars. The shock-heated gas emits infrared, millimeter and submillimeter lines of many species including. Dust grains are important…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-13 T. W. Hartquist , S. Van Loo , S. A. E. G. Falle , P. Caselli , I. Ashmore

The detailed morphology of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the central kiloparsec of galaxies is controlled by pressure and gravitation. The combination of these forces shapes both circumnuclear star formation and the growth of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Paul Martini , Michael W. Regan , John S. Mulchaey , Richard W. Pogge