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The lack of high-quality public cyber incident data limits empirical research and predictive modeling for cyber risk assessment. This challenge persists due to the reluctance of companies to disclose incidents that could damage their…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-20 Jiayi Guo , Zhiyu Quan , Linfeng Zhang

We consider the problem of varying the security of blockchain transactions according to their importance. This adaptive security is achieved by using variable size consensus committees. To improve performance, such committees function…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Shishir Rai , Kendric Hood , Mikhail Nesterenko , Gokarna Sharma

Prior work has shown that multibiometric systems are vulnerable to presentation attacks, assuming that their matching score distribution is identical to that of genuine users, without fabricating any fake trait. We have recently shown that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-07 Battista Biggio , Giorgio Fumera , Gian Luca Marcialis , Fabio Roli

This paper presents a novel Collaborative Cyberattack Detection (CCD) system aimed at enhancing the security of blockchain-based data-sharing networks by addressing the complex challenges associated with noise addition in federated learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Tran Viet Khoa , Mohammad Abu Alsheikh , Yibeltal Alem , Dinh Thai Hoang

Large language models (LLMs) introduce new security risks, but there are few comprehensive evaluation suites to measure and reduce these risks. We present BenchmarkName, a novel benchmark to quantify LLM security risks and capabilities. We…

Testing is a significant aspect of software development. As systems become complex and their use becomes critical to the security and the function of society, the need for testing methodologies that ensure reliability and detect faults as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Yeshayahu Weiss

The research designs a new integrated system for the security enhancement of a decentralized network by preventing damages from attackers, particularly for the 51 percent attack. The concept of multiple layered design based on Blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Song-Kyoo Kim

Modeling and analyzing security of networked systems is an important problem in the emerging Science of Security and has been under active investigation. In this paper, we propose a new approach towards tackling the problem. Our approach is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-29 Gaofeng Da , Maochao Xu , Shouhuai Xu

Identification of cyber threats is one of the essential tasks for security teams. Currently, cyber threats can be identified using knowledge organized into various formats, enumerations, and knowledge bases. This paper studies the current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Lukáš Sadlek , Pavel Čeleda , Daniel Tovarňák

Having a precise vulnerability discovery model (VDM) would provide a useful quantitative insight to assess software security. Thus far, several models have been proposed with some evidence supporting their goodness-of-fit. In this work we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-03-28 Viet Hung Nguyen , Fabio Massacci

Blockchain has attracted broad interests to build decentralised applications. Blockchain has attracted broad interests to build decentralised applications. However, developing such applications without introducing vulnerabilities is hard…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Qinghua Lu , An Binh Tran , Ingo Weber , Hugo O'Connor , Paul Rimba , Xiwei Xu , Mark Staples , Liming Zhu , Ross Jeffery

Blockchain has emerged as a leading technology that ensures security in a distributed framework. Recently, it has been shown that blockchain can be used to convert traditional blocks of any deep learning models into secure systems. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Akhil Goel , Akshay Agarwal , Mayank Vatsa , Richa Singh , Nalini Ratha

Nowadays, companies are highly exposed to cyber security threats. In many industrial domains, protective measures are being deployed and actively supported by standards. However the global process remains largely dependent on document…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Christophe Ponsard

Modeling and simulation are widely used in cybersecurity research to assess cyber threats, evaluate defense mechanisms, and analyze vulnerabilities. However, the diversity of application areas, the variety of cyberattacks scenarios, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Luca Serena , Gabriele D'Angelo , Stefano Ferretti , Moreno Marzolla

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of applications. However, individual LLMs often produce inconsistent, biased, or hallucinated outputs due to limitations in their training corpora and model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Haoxiang Luo , Gang Sun , Yinqiu Liu , Dongcheng Zhao , Dusit Niyato , Hongfang Yu , Schahram Dustdar

The proliferation of spam on the Web has necessitated the development of machine learning models to automate their detection. However, the dynamic nature of spam and the sophisticated evasion techniques employed by spammers often lead to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Noah Kader , Inwon Kang , Oshani Seneviratne

Multimodal foundation models (MFMs) integrate diverse data modalities to support complex and wide-ranging tasks. However, this integration also introduces distinct safety and security challenges. In this paper, we unify the concepts of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ruoxi Sun , Jiamin Chang , Hammond Pearce , Chaowei Xiao , Bo Li , Qi Wu , Surya Nepal , Minhui Xue

Finding software vulnerabilities in concurrent programs is a challenging task due to the size of the state-space exploration, as the number of interleavings grows exponentially with the number of program threads and statements. We propose…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Fatimah K. Aljaafari , Rafael Menezes , Edoardo Manino , Fedor Shmarov , Mustafa A. Mustafa , Lucas C. Cordeiro

Distributed ledgers are common in the industry. Some of them can use blockchains as their underlying infrastructure. A blockchain requires participants to agree on its contents. This can be achieved via a consensus protocol, and several BFT…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-11-13 J. D. Chan , Y. C. Tay , Brian R. Z. Yen

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) replaces static, developer-controlled API integrations with more dynamic, user-driven agent systems, which also introduces new security risks. As MCP adoption grows across community servers and major…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Herman Errico , Jiquan Ngiam , Shanita Sojan