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Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods have become increasingly popular for classifying giga-pixel sized Whole-Slide Images (WSIs) in digital pathology. Most MIL methods operate at a single WSI magnification, by processing all the tissue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Kevin Thandiackal , Boqi Chen , Pushpak Pati , Guillaume Jaume , Drew F. K. Williamson , Maria Gabrani , Orcun Goksel

Analyzing high resolution whole slide images (WSIs) with regard to information across multiple scales poses a significant challenge in digital pathology. Multi-instance learning (MIL) is a common solution for working with high resolution…

Weakly supervised whole slide image (WSI) classification is challenging due to the lack of patch-level labels and high computational costs. State-of-the-art methods use self-supervised patch-wise feature representations for multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Wentao Huang , Xiaoling Hu , Shahira Abousamra , Prateek Prasanna , Chao Chen

Weakly-supervised video anomaly detection (WS-VAD) using Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) suffers from label ambiguity, hindering discriminative feature learning. We propose ProDisc-VAD, an efficient framework tackling this via two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Tao Zhu , Qi Yu , Xinru Dong , Shiyu Li , Yue Liu , Jinlong Jiang , Lei Shu

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has become a preferred method for gigapixel whole slide image (WSI) classification without requiring patch-level annotations. Current MIL research primarily relies on embedding-based approaches, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Bryan Wong , Sungrae Hong , Mun Yong Yi

Accurate analysis of histopathological images is critical for disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Whole-slide images (WSIs), which digitize tissue specimens at gigapixel resolution, are fundamental to this process but require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Enhui Chai , Sicheng Chen , Tianyi Zhang , Chad Wong , Kecheng Huang , Zeyu Liu , Fei Xia

Whole slide image (WSI) assessment is a challenging and crucial step in cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. WSIs require high magnifications to facilitate sub-cellular analysis. Precise annotations for patch- or even pixel-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Simon Holdenried-Krafft , Peter Somers , Ivonne A. Montes-Majarro , Diana Silimon , Cristina Tarín , Falko Fend , Hendrik P. A. Lensch

Although interpretable prototype networks have improved the transparency of deep learning image classification, the need for multiple prototypes in collaborative decision-making increases cognitive complexity and hinders user understanding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Yitao Peng , Lianghua He , Hongzhou Chen

XAI gained considerable importance in recent years. Methods based on prototypical case-based reasoning have shown a promising improvement in explainability. However, these methods typically rely on additional post-hoc saliency techniques to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Steffen Meinert , Philipp Schlinge , Nils Strodthoff , Martin Atzmueller

Semi-supervised Learning (SSL) has been proven vulnerable to out-of-distribution (OOD) samples in realistic large-scale unsupervised datasets due to over-confident pseudo-labeling OODs as in-distribution (ID). A key underlying problem is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Xuwei Tan , Yi-Jie Huang , Yaqian Li

Whole slide image (WSI) classification requires repetitive zoom-in and out for pathologists, as only small portions of the slide may be relevant to detecting cancer. Due to the lack of patch-level labels, multiple instance learning (MIL) is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Seongho Keum , Sanghyun Kim , Soojeong Lee , Juho Lee

Whole Slide Images (WSIs) are high-resolution digital scans widely used in medical diagnostics. WSI classification is typically approached using Multiple Instance Learning (MIL), where the slide is partitioned into tiles treated as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Sharon Peled , Yosef E. Maruvka , Moti Freiman

Whole slide imaging is fundamental to biomedical microscopy and computational pathology. Previously, learning representations for gigapixel-sized whole slide images (WSIs) has relied on multiple instance learning with weak labels, which do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Xinhai Hou , Cheng Jiang , Akhil Kondepudi , Yiwei Lyu , Asadur Chowdury , Honglak Lee , Todd C. Hollon

Image instance segmentation is a fundamental research topic in autonomous driving, which is crucial for scene understanding and road safety. Advanced learning-based approaches often rely on the costly 2D mask annotations for training. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Xiang Li , Junbo Yin , Botian Shi , Yikang Li , Ruigang Yang , Jianbing Shen

Instance segmentation is a fundamental research in computer vision, especially in autonomous driving. However, manual mask annotation for instance segmentation is quite time-consuming and costly. To address this problem, some prior works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Guangfeng Jiang , Jun Liu , Yuzhi Wu , Wenlong Liao , Tao He , Pai Peng

We introduce ProtoSeg, a novel model for interpretable semantic image segmentation, which constructs its predictions using similar patches from the training set. To achieve accuracy comparable to baseline methods, we adapt the mechanism of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Mikołaj Sacha , Dawid Rymarczyk , Łukasz Struski , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński

While Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has shown promising results in digital Pathology Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification, such a paradigm still faces performance and generalization problems due to challenges in high computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Honglin Li , Chenglu Zhu , Yunlong Zhang , Yuxuan Sun , Zhongyi Shui , Wenwei Kuang , Sunyi Zheng , Lin Yang

Multiple instance learning (MIL) was a weakly supervised learning approach that sought to assign binary class labels to collections of instances known as bags. However, due to their weak supervision nature, the MIL methods were susceptible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Wenhui Zhu , Peijie Qiu , Xiwen Chen , Oana M. Dumitrascu , Yalin Wang

In recent years, the availability of digitized Whole Slide Images (WSIs) has enabled the use of deep learning-based computer vision techniques for automated disease diagnosis. However, WSIs present unique computational and algorithmic…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-15 Yash Sharma , Aman Shrivastava , Lubaina Ehsan , Christopher A. Moskaluk , Sana Syed , Donald E. Brown

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as a popular method for classifying histopathology whole slide images (WSIs). However, existing approaches typically rely on pre-trained models from large natural image datasets, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Yi Lin , Zhongchen Zhao , Zhengjie ZHU , Lisheng Wang , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Hao Chen