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In stochastic simulation, input uncertainty refers to the output variability arising from the statistical noise in specifying the input models. This uncertainty can be measured by a variance contribution in the output, which, in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-20 Henry Lam , Huajie Qian

The reliable characterization of quantum states is a fundamental task in quantum information science. For this purpose, quantum state tomography provides a standard framework for reconstructing quantum states from measurement data, yet it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Yixuan Hu , Mengru Ma , Jiangwei Shang

Quantum instruments describe both the classical outcome and the updated state associated with a quantum measurement. We ask whether these processes can be simulated using only a natural subset of resources, namely projective measurements on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Shishir Khandelwal , Armin Tavakoli

Randomized benchmarking and variants thereof, which we collectively call RB+, are widely used to characterize the performance of quantum computers because they are simple, scalable, and robust to state-preparation and measurement errors.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Robin Harper , Ian Hincks , Chris Ferrie , Steven T. Flammia , Joel J. Wallman

Quantum computing holds potential for accelerating the simulation of fluid dynamics. However, hardware noise in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era significantly distorts simulation accuracy. Although error magnitudes are frequently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Jiahua Yang , Zhen Lu , Yue Yang

Quantum computers promise to enhance machine learning for practical applications. Quantum machine learning for real-world data has to handle extensive amounts of high-dimensional data. However, conventional methods for measuring quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Tobias Haug , Chris N. Self , M. S. Kim

Von Neumann measurement framework describes a dynamic interaction between a target system and a probe. In contrast, a quantum controlled measurement framework uses a qubit probe to control the actions of different operators on the target…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-03 Le Bin Ho

Quantum signal processing (QSP) provides a systematic framework for implementing a polynomial transformation of a linear operator, and unifies nearly all known quantum algorithms. In parallel, recent works have developed randomized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 John M. Martyn , Patrick Rall

Noisy unsharp measurements incorporated in quantum information protocols may hinder performance, reducing the quantum advantage. However, we show that, unlike projective measurements which completely destroy quantum correlations between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Sudipta Mondal , Pritam Halder , Amit Kumar Pal , Aditi Sen De

Quantum metrology based on quantum entanglement and quantum coherence improves the accuracy of measurement. In this paper, we briefly review the schemes of quantum metrology in various complex systems, including non-Markovian noise,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Qing Ai , Yang-Yang Wang , Jing Qiu

We build a general quantum state tomography framework that makes use of machine learning techniques to reconstruct quantum states from a given set of coincidence measurements. For a wide range of pure and mixed input states we demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-09 Sanjaya Lohani , Brian T. Kirby , Michael Brodsky , Onur Danaci , Ryan T. Glasser

Measurement is a fundamental operation in quantum computing and has many important use cases in quantum algorithms. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the basic measurement operations in quantum computing and represents a…

Various noise models have been developed in quantum computing study to describe the propagation and effect of the noise which is caused by imperfect implementation of hardware. Identifying parameters such as gate and readout error rates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Muqing Zheng , Ang Li , Tamás Terlaky , Xiu Yang

Quantum error correction allows to actively correct errors occurring in a quantum computation when the noise is weak enough. To make this error correction competitive information about the specific noise is required. Traditionally, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Thomas Wagner , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß , Martin Kliesch

Variational quantum algorithms rely on the optimization of parameterized quantum circuits in noisy settings. The commonly used back-propagation procedure in classical machine learning is not directly applicable in this setting due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Zhiyan Ding , Taehee Ko , Jiahao Yao , Lin Lin , Xiantao Li

Quantum simulation, the simulation of quantum processes on quantum computers, suggests a path forward for the efficient simulation of problems in condensed-matter physics, quantum chemistry, and materials science. While the majority of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-03 Paul K. Faehrmann , Mark Steudtner , Richard Kueng , Maria Kieferova , Jens Eisert

Quantum computing hardware is affected by quantum noise that undermine the quality of results of an executed quantum program. Amongst other quantum noises, coherent error that caused by parameter drifting and miscalibration, remains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xiangyu Ren , Junjie Wan , Zhiding Liang , Antonio Barbalace

We introduce the notion of fault-tolerant quantum metrology to overcome noise beyond our control -- associated with sensing the parameter, by reducing the noise in operations under our control -- associated with preparing and measuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-29 Theodoros Kapourniotis , Animesh Datta

Randomized measurements are useful for analyzing quantum systems especially when quantum control is not fully perfect. However, their practical realization typically requires multiple rotations in the complex space due to the adoption of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Jin-Min Liang , Satoya Imai , Shuheng Liu , Shao-Ming Fei , Otfried Gühne , Qiongyi He

Measurement-based quantum computation has emerged from the physics community as a new approach to quantum computation where the notion of measurement is the main driving force of computation. This is in contrast with the more traditional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-21 Vincent Danos , Elham Kashefi , Prakash Panangaden