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Characterizing temperate exoplanet atmospheres remains challenging due to their small size and low temperatures. Recent JWST observations provide valuable data, but their interpretation has led to diverging conclusions. Complementary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-04 O. Sohier , A. Y. Jaziri , L. Vettier , A. Chatain , T. Drant , N. Carrasco

Ultra-hot Jupiters are perfect targets for transmission spectroscopy. However, their atmospheres feature strong spatial variations in temperature, chemistry, dynamics, cloud coverage, and scale height. This makes transit observations at…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-06 Joost P. Wardenier , Vivien Parmentier , Michael R. Line , Elspeth K. H. Lee

We have modeled irradiated planets located near a dM5 and a G2 primary star. The impinging radiation field was explicitly included in the solution of the radiative transfer equation and in the computation of the atmospheric structure. We…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Travis S. Barman , Peter H. Hauschildt , France Allard

We present a computationally efficient 1-D seasonal radiative model, with convective adjustment, of Jupiter's atmosphere. Our model takes into account radiative forcings from the main hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, acetylene), ammonia,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-13 Sandrine Guerlet , Aymeric Spiga , Thierry Fouchet , Hugues Delattre

The recent discovery and characterization of the diversity of the atmospheres of exoplanets and brown dwarfs calls for the development of fast and accurate analytical models. We quantify the accuracy of the analytical solution derived in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-21 Vivien Parmentier , Tristan Guillot , Jonathan J. Fortney , Mark S. Marley

The elemental ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in the atmospheres of hot Jupiters may hold clues to their formation locations in the protostellar disc. In this work, we adopt gas phase chemical abundances of C, N and O from several…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-22 Spandan Dash , Liton Majumdar , Karen Willacy , Shang-Min Tsai , Neal Turner , P. B. Rimmer , Murthy S. Gudipati , Wladimir Lyra , Anil Bhardwaj

Deciphering the role of clouds is central to our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres, as they have a direct impact on the temperature and pressure structure, and observational properties of the planet. Super-hot Jupiters occupy a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-18 Hannah R. Wakeford , Channon Visscher , Nikole K. Lewis , Tiffany Kataria , Mark S. Marley , Jonathan J. Fortney , Avi M. Mandell

Recent work has shown that sulfur hazes may arise in the atmospheres of some giant exoplanets due to the photolysis of H$_{2}$S. We investigate the impact such a haze would have on an exoplanet's geometric albedo spectrum and how it may…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-08 Peter Gao , Mark S Marley , Kevin Zahnle , Tyler D Robinson , Nikole K Lewis

We present the results from the simulations of the atmospheres of hot-Jupiters HD189733b, HD209458b and WASP-39b, assuming the presence of three different types of haze. Using a 3D General Circulation Model, the Unified Model, we capture…

This is the second paper in a series where we build a self-consistent model to simulate the mass-loss process of a close-orbit magnetized giant exoplanet, so-called hot Jupiter (HJ). In this paper we generalize the hydrodynamic (HD) model…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-15 M. L. Khodachenko , I. F. Shaikhislamov , H. Lammer , P. A. Prokopov

A self-consistent, aeronomic model of the upper atmosphere of a "hot Jupiter" including reactions involving suprathermal photoelectrons is presented. This model is used to compute the height profiles of the gas density, velocity, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-08 D. E. Ionov , V. I. Shematovich , Ya. N. Pavlyuchenkov

The atmospheric metallicity greatly influences the composition of exoplanet atmospheres. The effect of metallicity on the thermochemical equilibrium is well studied, though its effect on the disequilibrium abundance is loosely constrained.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Vikas Soni , Kinsuk Acharyya

The recent transit observation of HD 209458 b - an extrasolar planet orbiting a sun-like star - confirmed that it is a gas giant and determined that its orbital inclination is 85 degrees. This inclination makes possible investigations of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 S. Seager , D. D. Sasselov

Revealing the internal composition and structure of giant planets is fundamental for understanding planetary formation. However, the bulk composition can only be inferred through interior models. As a result, advancements in modelling…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-08 Saburo Howard , Ravit Helled , Simon Müller

Hot rocky super-Earths are thought to be sufficiently irradiated by their host star to melt their surface and thus allow for long-lasting magma oceans. Some processes have been proposed for such planets to have retained primordial hydrogen…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-29 Aurélien Falco , Pascal Tremblin , Sébastien Charnoz , Robert J. Ridgway , Pierre-Olivier Lagage

Observations of exoplanet atmospheres have revealed the presence of cloud particles in their atmospheres. 3D modelling of cloud formation in atmospheres of extrasolar planets coupled to the atmospheric dynamics has long been a challenge. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-04 E. K. H. Lee , I. Dobbs-Dixon , Ch. Helling , K. Bognar , P. Woitke

Atmospheric heat redistribution shapes the remote appearance of rocky exoplanets but there is currently no easy way to predict a planet's heat redistribution from its physical properties. This paper proposes an analytical scaling theory for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-21 Daniel D. B. Koll

In warm (equilibrium temperature <1000 K) gas giant exoplanet atmospheres, the observation of trace species in abundances deviating from thermochemical equilibrium predictions could be used as an indicator of disequilibrium chemical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-18 Benjamin Fleury , Yves Benilan , Olivia Venot , Bryana L. Henderson , Mark Swain , Murthy S. Gudipati

We perform modeling investigations to aid in understanding the atmospheres and composition of small planets of ~2-4 Earth radii, which are now known to be common in our galaxy. GJ 1214b is a well studied example whose atmospheric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Jonathan J. Fortney , Christoph Mordasini , Nadine Nettelmann , Eliza M. -R. Kempton , Thomas P. Greene , Kevin Zahnle

Numerous solar system atmospheres possess aerosols including the characteristic organic hazes of Titan and Pluto. Haze particles substantially impact atmospheric temperatures structures and may provide organic material to the surface of a…