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Federated learning (FL) faces a critical dilemma: existing protection mechanisms like differential privacy (DP) and homomorphic encryption (HE) enforce a rigid trade-off, forcing a choice between model utility and computational efficiency.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zihou Wu , Yuecheng Li , Tianchi Liao , Jian Lou , Chuan Chen

Federated learning (FL) is a promising way to allow multiple data owners (clients) to collaboratively train machine learning models without compromising data privacy. Yet, existing FL solutions usually rely on a centralized aggregator for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Nanqing Dong , Jiahao Sun , Zhipeng Wang , Shuoying Zhang , Shuhao Zheng

In spite that Federated Learning (FL) is well known for its privacy protection when training machine learning models among distributed clients collaboratively, recent studies have pointed out that the naive FL is susceptible to gradient…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Yao Fu , Yipeng Zhou , Di Wu , Shui Yu , Yonggang Wen , Chao Li

The use of machine learning (ML) has become increasingly prevalent in various domains, highlighting the importance of understanding and ensuring its safety. One pressing concern is the vulnerability of ML applications to model stealing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ganghua Wang , Yuhong Yang , Jie Ding

Federated learning has emerged as a privacy-preserving machine learning approach where multiple parties can train a single model without sharing their raw training data. Federated learning typically requires the utilization of multi-party…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Runhua Xu , Nathalie Baracaldo , Yi Zhou , Ali Anwar , Swanand Kadhe , Heiko Ludwig

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) enables collaborative model training across organizations that share common user samples but hold disjoint feature spaces. Despite its potential, VFL is susceptible to feature inference attacks, in which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Sindhuja Madabushi , Ahmad Faraz Khan , Haider Ali , Ananthram Swami , Rui Ning , Hongyi Wu , Jin-Hee Cho

Federated learning enables learning from decentralized data sources without compromising privacy, which makes it a crucial technique. However, it is vulnerable to model poisoning attacks, where malicious clients interfere with the training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Sungwon Park , Sungwon Han , Fangzhao Wu , Sundong Kim , Bin Zhu , Xing Xie , Meeyoung Cha

Gradient inversion attack (or input recovery from gradient) is an emerging threat to the security and privacy preservation of Federated learning, whereby malicious eavesdroppers or participants in the protocol can recover (partially) the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Yangsibo Huang , Samyak Gupta , Zhao Song , Kai Li , Sanjeev Arora

Federated learning (FL) emerged as a paradigm designed to improve data privacy by enabling data to reside at its source, thus embedding privacy as a core consideration in FL architectures, whether centralized or decentralized. Contrasting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Wenrui Yu , Qiongxiu Li , Milan Lopuhaä-Zwakenberg , Mads Græsbøll Christensen , Richard Heusdens

Federated learning (FL) is an efficient approach for large-scale distributed machine learning that promises data privacy by keeping training data on client devices. However, recent research has uncovered vulnerabilities in FL, impacting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Felix Marx , Thomas Schneider , Ajith Suresh , Tobias Wehrle , Christian Weinert , Hossein Yalame

In this paper, we propose FedGP, a framework for privacy-preserving data release in the federated learning setting. We use generative adversarial networks, generator components of which are trained by FedAvg algorithm, to draw…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-21 Aleksei Triastcyn , Boi Faltings

The goal of federated learning (FL) is to train one global model by aggregating model parameters updated independently on edge devices without accessing users' private data. However, FL is susceptible to backdoor attacks where a small…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Yein Kim , Huili Chen , Farinaz Koushanfar

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without centralizing client data, making it attractive for privacy-sensitive domains. While existing approaches employ cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sahar Ghoflsaz Ghinani , Elaheh Sadredini

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with local data is a widely adopted approach for organizations seeking to adapt LLMs to their specific domains. Given the shared characteristics in data across different organizations, the idea of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Wenkai Guo , Xuefeng Liu , Haolin Wang , Jianwei Niu , Shaojie Tang , Jing Yuan

A common goal in the areas of secure information flow and privacy is to build effective defenses against unwanted leakage of information. To this end, one must be able to reason about potential attacks and their interplay with possible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Mário S. Alvim , Konstantinos Chatzikokolakis , Yusuke Kawamoto , Catuscia Palamidessi

Federated learning is a decentralized machine learning approach where clients train models locally and share model updates to develop a global model. This enables low-resource devices to collaboratively build a high-quality model without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Li Bai , Haibo Hu , Qingqing Ye , Haoyang Li , Leixia Wang , Jianliang Xu

Federated learning suffers from several privacy-related issues that expose the participants to various threats. A number of these issues are aggravated by the centralized architecture of federated learning. In this paper, we discuss…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Aidmar Wainakh , Alejandro Sanchez Guinea , Tim Grube , Max Mühlhäuser

Federated learning has been rapidly evolving and gaining popularity in recent years due to its privacy-preserving features, among other advantages. Nevertheless, the exchange of model updates and gradients in this architecture provides new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Ehsan Hallaji , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Mehrdad Saif , Boyu Wang , Qiang Yang

Federated Learning (FL) is a popular distributed machine learning paradigm that enables jointly training a global model without sharing clients' data. However, its repetitive server-client communication gives room for backdoor attacks with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Pei Fang , Jinghui Chen

The privacy-preserving federated learning schemes based on the setting of two honest-but-curious and non-colluding servers offer promising solutions in terms of security and efficiency. However, our investigation reveals that these schemes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Jiahui Wu , Fucai Luo , Tiecheng Sun , Haiyan Wang , Weizhe Zhang