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The application of Gaussian processes (GPs) to large data sets is limited due to heavy memory and computational requirements. A variety of methods has been proposed to enable scalability, one of which is to exploit structure in the kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Jan Graßhoff , Alexandra Jankowski , Philipp Rostalski

Gaussian processes (GPs) are powerful and widely used probabilistic regression models, but their effectiveness in practice is often limited by the choice of kernel function. This kernel function is typically handcrafted from a small set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jihao Andreas Lin , Sebastian Ament , Louis C. Tiao , David Eriksson , Maximilian Balandat , Eytan Bakshy

The generalization accuracy of machine learning models of potential energy surfaces (PES) and force fields (FF) for large polyatomic molecules can be generally improved either by increasing the number of training points or by improving the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-03-20 K. Asnaashari , R. V. Krems

Gaussian processes (GPs) can provide a principled approach to uncertainty quantification with easy-to-interpret kernel hyperparameters, such as the lengthscale, which controls the correlation distance of function values. However, selecting…

The Gaussian process (GP) is a popular statistical technique for stochastic function approximation and uncertainty quantification from data. GPs have been adopted into the realm of machine learning in the last two decades because of their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-02 Marcus M. Noack , Hengrui Luo , Mark D. Risser

Despite recent advances in automated machine learning, model selection is still a complex and computationally intensive process. For Gaussian processes (GPs), selecting the kernel is a crucial task, often done manually by the expert.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Matthias Bitzer , Mona Meister , Christoph Zimmer

Gaussian process (GP) regression is a popular surrogate modeling tool for computer simulations in engineering and scientific domains. However, it often struggles with high computational costs and low prediction accuracy when the simulation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Lulu Kang , Minshen Xu

The Gaussian process (GP) is a widely used probabilistic machine learning method with implicit uncertainty characterization for stochastic function approximation, stochastic modeling, and analyzing real-world measurements of nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-14 Mark D. Risser , Marcus M. Noack , Hengrui Luo , Ronald Pandolfi

Many physics-informed machine learning methods for PDE-based problems rely on Gaussian processes (GPs) or neural networks (NNs). However, both face limitations when data are scarce and the dimensionality is high. Although GPs are known for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Weihao Yan , Christoph Brune , Mengwu Guo

A simple, flexible approach to creating expressive priors in Gaussian process (GP) models makes new kernels from a combination of basic kernels, e.g. summing a periodic and linear kernel can capture seasonal variation with a long term…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-01 Tim Pearce , Russell Tsuchida , Mohamed Zaki , Alexandra Brintrup , Andy Neely

It has long been known that a single-layer fully-connected neural network with an i.i.d. prior over its parameters is equivalent to a Gaussian process (GP), in the limit of infinite network width. This correspondence enables exact Bayesian…

Gaussian processes (GPs) are ubiquitous tools for modeling and predicting continuous processes in physical and engineering sciences. This is partly due to the fact that one may employ a Gaussian process as an interpolator while facilitating…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-16 D. Andrew Brown , Peter Kiessler , John Nicholson

Structural kernels are a flexible learning paradigm that has been widely used in Natural Language Processing. However, the problem of model selection in kernel-based methods is usually overlooked. Previous approaches mostly rely on setting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Daniel Beck , Trevor Cohn , Christian Hardmeier , Lucia Specia

The growing demand for accurate, efficient, and scalable solutions in computational mechanics highlights the need for advanced operator learning algorithms that can efficiently handle large datasets while providing reliable uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-18 Sawan Kumar , Rajdip Nayek , Souvik Chakraborty

We provide a definition and explicit expressions for $n$-body Gaussian Process (GP) kernels which can learn any interatomic interaction occurring in a physical system, up to $n$-body contributions, for any value of $n$. The series is…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-05-30 Aldo Glielmo , Claudio Zeni , Alessandro De Vita

Gaussian process (GP) is a Bayesian model which provides several advantages for regression tasks in machine learning such as reliable quantitation of uncertainty and improved interpretability. Their adoption has been precluded by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Jonathan Parkinson , Wei Wang

Gaussian processes (GPs) provide flexible distributions over functions, with inductive biases controlled by a kernel. However, in many applications Gaussian processes can struggle with even moderate input dimensionality. Learning a low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Ian A. Delbridge , David S. Bindel , Andrew Gordon Wilson

In decision-making systems, it is important to have classifiers that have calibrated uncertainties, with an optimisation objective that can be used for automated model selection and training. Gaussian processes (GPs) provide uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-05 Vincent Dutordoir , Mark van der Wilk , Artem Artemev , James Hensman

Gaussian processes (GPs) are powerful but computationally expensive machine learning models, requiring an estimate of the kernel covariance matrix for every prediction. In large and complex domains, such as graphs, sets, or images, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Alessandro Tibo , Thomas Dyhre Nielsen

Gaussian Processes (GPs) are flexible, nonparametric Bayesian models widely used for regression and classification because of their ability to capture complex data patterns and quantify predictive uncertainty. However, the O(n^3)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Hua Huang , Tianshi Xu , Yuanzhe Xi , Edmond Chow