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Two emerging topics in graph theory are the study of cospectral vertices of a graph, and the study of isospectral reductions of graphs. In this paper, we prove a fundamental relationship between these two areas, which is that two vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-19 Mark Kempton , John Sinkovic , Dallas Smith , Benjamin Webb

A pair of graphs $(\Gamma,\Sigma)$ is called unstable if their direct product $\Gamma\times\Sigma$ admits automorphisms not from $\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)\times\mathrm{Aut}(\Sigma)$, and such automorphisms are said to be unexpected. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Xiaomeng Wang , Yan-Li Qin , Binzhou Xia

If $\Gamma$ is a graph for which every edge is in exactly one clique of order $\omega$, then one can form a new graph with vertex set equal to these cliques. This is a generalization of the line graph of $\Gamma$. We discover many general…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Connor Phillips

Let G be a family of n-vertex graphs of uniform degree 2 with the property that the union of any two member graphs has degree four. We determine the leading term in the asymptotics of the largest cardinality of such a family. Several…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-10 János Körner , Irene Muzi

Classical Hamming graphs are Cartesian products of complete graphs, and two vertices are adjacent if they differ in exactly one coordinate. Motivated by connections to unitary Cayley graphs, we consider a generalization where two vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-03 Briana Foster-Greenwood , Christine Uhl

We define, for any graph $G=(V,E)$, a boundary $\partial G \subseteq V$. The definition coincides with what one would expected for the discretization of (sufficiently nice) Euclidean domains and contains all vertices from the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-11 Stefan Steinerberger

Given a graph $G$, we define ${\bf bcg}(G)$ as the minimum $k$ for which $G$ can be contracted to the uniformly triangulated grid $\Gamma_{k}$. A graph class ${\cal G}$ has the SQG${\bf C}$ property if every graph $G\in{\cal G}$ has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-21 Julien Baste , Dimitrios M. Thilikos

Graph dynamical systems (GDSs) can be used to describe a wide range of distributed, nonlinear phenomena. In this paper we characterize cycle equivalence of a class of finite GDSs called sequential dynamical systems SDSs. In general, two…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2009-11-13 Matthew Macauley , Henning S. Mortveit

We define the class of high dimensional graph manifolds. These are compact smooth manifolds supporting a decomposition into finitely many pieces, each of which is diffeomorphic to the product of a torus with a finite volume hyperbolic…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-03-22 Roberto Frigerio , Jean-Francois Lafont , Alessandro Sisto

Mixed graphs can be seen as digraphs with arcs and edges (or digons, that is, two opposite arcs). In this paper, we consider the case where such graphs are bipartite and in which the undirected and directed degrees are one. The best graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-29 C. Dalfó , G. Erskine , G. Exoo , M. A. Fiol , J. Tuite

Strongly regular graphs are highly symmetrical and can be described fully with just a few parameters yet the existence of many of them is still under the question. Due to this uncertainty, it is of immense interest to study their structure,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Reimbay Reimbayev

A platypus graph is a non-hamiltonian graph for which every vertex-deleted subgraph is traceable. They are closely related to families of graphs satisfying interesting conditions regarding longest paths and longest cycles, for instance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-15 Jan Goedgebeur , Addie Neyt , Carol T. Zamfirescu

A graph $\Gamma$ is said to be unstable if for the direct product $\Gamma \times K_2$, $Aut(\Gamma \times K_2)$ is not isomorphic to $Aut(\Gamma) \times \mathbb{Z}_2$. In this paper we show that a connected and non-bipartite Cayley graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-09 Ademir Hujdurović , István Kovács

In an earlier paper the authors proved that limits of convergent graph sequences can be described by various structures, including certain 2-variable real functions called graphons, random graph models satisfying certain consistency…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-02-10 László Lovász , Balázs Szegedy

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a dual topological graph of a given topological graph, and show that it defines a C*-algebra isomorphic to the C*-algebra of the given one. Repeating to take a dual, and taking a projective limit,…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2021-07-06 Takeshi Katsura

A graph $G$ is pseudo 2--factor isomorphic if the parity of the number of cycles in a 2--factor is the same for all 2--factors of $G$. In \cite{ADJLS} we proved that pseudo 2--factor isomorphic $k$--regular bipartite graphs exist only for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-13 M. Abreu , D. Labbate , J. Sheehan

A graph is said to be circular-arc if the vertices can be associated with arcs of a circle so that two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding arcs overlap. It is proved that the isomorphism of circular-arc graphs can be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Roman Nedela , Ilia Ponomarenko , Peter Zeman

Uniform Lie algebras are combinatorially defined two-step nilpotent Lie algebras which can be used to define Einstein solvmanifolds. These Einstein spaces often have nontrivial isotropy groups. We derive basic properties of uniform Lie…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-03-03 Tracy L. Payne , Matthew Schroeder

A graph is said to be $k$-{\em isoregular} if any two vertex subsets of cardinality at most $k$, that induce subgraphs of the same isomorphism type, have the same number of neighbors. It is shown that no $3$-isoregular bicirculant (and more…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-31 Klavdija Kutnar , Dragan Marušič , Štefko Miklavič

We introduce H-clique-width, a new structural measure of graphs that aims to provide a hereditary analogue of the traditional graph product structure. The definition naturally generalises the ordinary clique-width concept. As a result, for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Petr Hliněný , Jan Jedelský
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