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We consider a federated learning (FL) system consisting of multiple clients and a server, where the clients aim to collaboratively learn a common decision model from their distributed data. Unlike the conventional FL framework that assumes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Kun Jin , Tongxin Yin , Zhongzhu Chen , Zeyu Sun , Xueru Zhang , Yang Liu , Mingyan Liu

Federated learning (FL) has been proposed as a privacy-preserving approach in distributed machine learning. A federated learning architecture consists of a central server and a number of clients that have access to private, potentially…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Gergely Dániel Németh , Miguel Ángel Lozano , Novi Quadrianto , Nuria Oliver

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning protocol that allows a set of participating agents to collaboratively train a model without sharing their data. This makes FL particularly suitable for settings where data privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Mustafa Safa Ozdayi , Murat Kantarcioglu , Rishabh Iyer

Federated learning (FL) is a training technique that enables client devices to jointly learn a shared model by aggregating locally-computed models without exposing their raw data. While most of the existing work focuses on improving the FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Sai Qian Zhang , Jieyu Lin , Qi Zhang

Federated learning (FL) refers to a distributed machine learning framework involving learning from several decentralized edge clients without sharing local dataset. This distributed strategy prevents data leakage and enables on-device…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Taki Hasan Rafi , Faiza Anan Noor , Tahmid Hussain , Dong-Kyu Chae , Zhaohui Yang

Federated Learning (FL) facilitates collaborative model training across distributed clients while ensuring data privacy. Traditionally, FL relies on a centralized server to coordinate learning, which creates bottlenecks and a single point…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Phani Sahasra Akkinepally , Manaswini Piduguralla , Sushant Joshi , Sathya Peri , Sandeep Kulkarni

Federated Learning (FL) aims to foster collaboration among a population of clients to improve the accuracy of machine learning without directly sharing local data. Although there has been rich literature on designing federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Shengyuan Hu , Dung Daniel Ngo , Shuran Zheng , Virginia Smith , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Existing works in federated learning (FL) often assume an ideal system with either full client or uniformly distributed client participation. However, in practice, it has been observed that some clients may never participate in FL training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Haibo Yang , Peiwen Qiu , Prashant Khanduri , Minghong Fang , Jia Liu

Federated Learning (FL) is a popular approach for distributed deep learning that prevents the pooling of large amounts of data in a central server. FL relies on clients to update a global model using their local datasets. Classical FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Bart Cox , Lydia Y. Chen , Jérémie Decouchant

One of the key challenges of collaborative machine learning, without data sharing, is multimodal data heterogeneity in real-world settings. While Federated Learning (FL) enables model training across multiple clients, existing frameworks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Alejandro Guerra-Manzanares , Omar El-Herraoui , Michail Maniatakos , Farah E. Shamout

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm that protects privacy and tackles the problem of isolated data islands. At present, there are two main communication strategies of FL: synchronous FL and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yu Zhang , Moming Duan , Duo Liu , Li Li , Ao Ren , Xianzhang Chen , Yujuan Tan , Chengliang Wang

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm where multiple clients collaborate to optimize a single global model using their private data. The global model is maintained by a central server that orchestrates the FL training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Waqwoya Abebe , Pablo Munoz , Ali Jannesari

Federated Learning (FL) allows edge devices (or clients) to keep data locally while simultaneously training a shared high-quality global model. However, current research is generally based on an assumption that the training data of local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Zhe Zhang , Shiyao Ma , Jiangtian Nie , Yi Wu , Qiang Yan , Xiaoke Xu , Dusit Niyato

Federated Learning (FL) is a variant of distributed learning where edge devices collaborate to learn a model without sharing their data with the central server or each other. We refer to the process of training multiple independent models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Neelkamal Bhuyan , Sharayu Moharir , Gauri Joshi

Federated learning (FL) provides a communication-efficient approach to solve machine learning problems concerning distributed data, without sending raw data to a central server. However, existing works on FL only utilize first-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Wei Liu , Li Chen , Yunfei Chen , Wenyi Zhang

Clustered Federated Multitask Learning (CFL) was introduced as an efficient scheme to obtain reliable specialized models when data is imbalanced and distributed in a non-i.i.d. (non-independent and identically distributed) fashion amongst…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Abdullatif Albaseer , Mohamed Abdallah , Ala Al-Fuqaha , Aiman Erbad

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging paradigm that permits a large number of clients with heterogeneous data to coordinate learning of a unified global model without the need to share data amongst each other. A major challenge in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Irene Tenison , Sai Aravind Sreeramadas , Vaikkunth Mugunthan , Edouard Oyallon , Irina Rish , Eugene Belilovsky

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative machine learning framework that allows multiple users to train models utilizing their local data in a distributed manner. However, considerable statistical heterogeneity in local data across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Qi Le , Enmao Diao , Xinran Wang , Vahid Tarokh , Jie Ding , Ali Anwar

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralised model training across distributed clients without requiring data centralisation. However, the generalisation performance of the global model is usually degraded by data heterogeneity across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ozgu Goksu , Nicolas Pugeault

Federated Learning is a collaborative training framework that leverages heterogeneous data distributed across a vast number of clients. Since it is practically infeasible to request and process all clients during the aggregation step,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Michał Grudzień , Grigory Malinovsky , Peter Richtárik