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Performing smart computations in a context of cloud computing and big data is highly appreciated today. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a smart category of encryption schemes that allows working with the data in its encrypted form. It…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Ahmed El-Yahyaoui , Mohamed Dafir Ech-Chrif El Kettani

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a cryptographic scheme that enables computations to be performed directly on encrypted data, as if the data were in plaintext. After all computations are performed on the encrypted data, it can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ronny Ko

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables computations on encrypted data, preserving confidentiality without the need for decryption. However, FHE is often hindered by significant performance overhead, particularly for high-precision and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Chao Wang , Shubing Yang , Xiaoyan Sun , Jun Dai , Dongfang Zhao

Privacy-preserving machine learning has become an important long-term pursuit in this era of artificial intelligence (AI). Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a uniquely promising solution, offering provable privacy and security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Cory Brynds , Parker McLeod , Lauren Caccamise , Asmita Pal , Dewan Saiham , Sazadur Rahman , Joshua San Miguel , Di Wu

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is seeing increasing real-world deployment to protect data in use by allowing computation over encrypted data. However, the same malleability that enables homomorphic computations also raises integrity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Alexander Viand , Christian Knabenhans , Anwar Hithnawi

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) represents a paradigm shift in cryptography, enabling computation directly on encrypted data and unlocking privacy-critical computation. Despite being increasingly deployed in real platforms, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Rian Adam Rajagede , Yan Solihin

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computations directly on encrypted data, offering strong cryptographic guarantees for secure and privacy-preserving data storage and query execution. However, despite its theoretical power, practical…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Boram Jung , Yuliang Li , Hung-Wei Tseng

This paper presents TT-TFHE, a deep neural network Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) framework that effectively scales Torus FHE (TFHE) usage to tabular and image datasets using a recent family of convolutional neural networks called…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Adrien Benamira , Tristan Guérand , Thomas Peyrin , Sayandeep Saha

Federated learning (FL) with fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) effectively safeguards data privacy during model aggregation by encrypting local model updates before transmission, mitigating threats from untrusted servers or eavesdroppers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xiangchen Meng , Yangdi Lyu

Encrypting data before sending it to the cloud protects it against hackers and malicious insiders, but requires the cloud to compute on encrypted data. Trusted (hardware) modules, e.g., secure enclaves like Intel's SGX, can very efficiently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Andreas Fischer , Benny Fuhry , Florian Kerschbaum , Eric Bodden

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables a simple, attractive framework for secure search. Compared to other secure search systems, no costly setup procedure is necessary; it is sufficient for the client merely to upload the encrypted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Seung Geol Choi , Dana Dachman-Soled , S. Dov Gordon , Linsheng Liu , Arkady Yerukhimovich

The dramatic increase of data breaches in modern computing platforms has emphasized that access control is not sufficient to protect sensitive user data. Recent advances in cryptography allow end-to-end processing of encrypted data without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Eduardo Chielle , Oleg Mazonka , Homer Gamil , Michail Maniatakos

With the rapid advancement of AI technology, we have seen more and more concerns on data privacy, leading to some cutting-edge research on machine learning with encrypted computation. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a crucial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Longfei Guo , Pengbo Li , Ting Gao , Yonghai Zhong , Haojie Fan , Jinqiao Duan

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is an encryption method that allows to perform computation on encrypted data, without decryption. FHE preserves the privacy of the users of online services that handle sensitive data, such as health data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Andrei Stoian , Jordan Frery , Roman Bredehoft , Luis Montero , Celia Kherfallah , Benoit Chevallier-Mames

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) protects data privacy in cloud computing by enabling computations to directly occur on ciphertexts. To improve the time-consuming FHE operations, we present an electro-optical (EO) FHE accelerator,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Mengxin Zheng , Qian Lou , Fan Chen , Lei Jiang , Yongxin Zhu

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a set of powerful cryptographic schemes that allows computation to be performed directly on encrypted data with an unlimited depth. Despite FHE's promising in privacy-preserving computing, yet in most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yi Huang , Xinsheng Gong , Xiangyu Kong , Dibei Chen , Jianfeng Zhu , Wenping Zhu , Liangwei Li , Mingyu Gao , Shaojun Wei , Aoyang Zhang , Leibo Liu

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) refers to a set of encryption schemes that allow computations to be applied directly on encrypted data without requiring a secret key. This enables novel application scenarios where a client can safely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Roshan Dathathri , Olli Saarikivi , Hao Chen , Kim Laine , Kristin Lauter , Saeed Maleki , Madanlal Musuvathi , Todd Mytkowicz

The demand for processing vast volumes of data has surged dramatically due to the advancement of machine learning technology. Large-scale data processing necessitates substantial computational resources, prompting individuals and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Xirong Ma , Chuan Li , Yuchang Hu , Yunting Tao , Yali Jiang , Yanbin Li , Fanyu Kong , Chunpeng Ge

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is known to be extremely computationally-intensive, application-specific accelerators emerged as a powerful solution to narrow the performance gap. Nonetheless, due to the increasing complexities in FHE…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Lin Ding , Song Bian , Penggao He , Yan Xu , Gang Qu , Jiliang Zhang

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is an encryption scheme which enables computation on encrypted data without revealing the underlying data. While there have been many advances in the field of FHE, developing programs using FHE still…