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In this paper, we analyze the two time-scale stochastic approximation (TTSSA) algorithm introduced in Borkar (1997) using a martingale approach. This approach leads to simple sufficient conditions for the iterations to be bounded almost…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Mathukumalli Vidyasagar

Recently, many machine learning and statistical models such as non-linear regressions, the Single Index, Multi-index, Varying Coefficient Index Models and Two-layer Neural Networks can be reduced to or be seen as a special case of a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Di Wang , Xiangyu Guo , Chaowen Guan , Shi Li , Jinhui Xu

Stochastic equations play an important role in computational science, due to their ability to treat a wide variety of complex statistical problems. However, current algorithms are strongly limited by their sampling variance, which scales…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-01-04 Bogdan Opanchuk , Simon Kiesewetter , Peter D. Drummond

Many spatial processes exhibit nonstationary features. We estimate a variance function from a single process observation where the errors are nonstationary and correlated. We propose a difference-based approach for a one-dimensional…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-05-24 Eunice J. Kim , Zhengyuan Zhu

The Bayesian Cram\'er-Rao bound (CRB) provides a lower bound on the mean square error of any Bayesian estimator under mild regularity conditions. It can be used to benchmark the performance of statistical estimators, and provides a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-09 Evan Scope Crafts , Xianyang Zhang , Bo Zhao

Stochastic Approximation (SA) is a classical algorithm that has had since the early days a huge impact on signal processing, and nowadays on machine learning, due to the necessity to deal with a large amount of data observed with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-18 Aymeric Dieuleveut , Gersende Fort , Eric Moulines , Hoi-To Wai

Modern computer architectures support low-precision arithmetic, which present opportunities for the adoption of mixed-precision algorithms to achieve high computational throughput and reduce energy consumption. As a growing number of…

Computation · Statistics 2024-12-02 Sahil Bhola , Karthik Duraisamy

We present a probabilistic framework for nonlinearities, based on doubly truncated Gaussian distributions. By setting the truncation points appropriately, we are able to generate various types of nonlinearities within a unified framework,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-20 Qinliang Su , Xuejun Liao , Lawrence Carin

We derive an efficient stochastic algorithm for inverse problems that present an unknown linear forcing term and a set of nonlinear parameters to be recovered. It is assumed that the data is noisy and that the linear part of the problem is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Darko Volkov

This paper develops new variance-reduction techniques for the forward-reflected-backward splitting (FRBS) method to solve a class of possibly nonmonotone stochastic composite inclusions. Unlike unbiased estimators such as mini-batching,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Quoc Tran-Dinh , Nghia Nguyen-Trung

Stochastic computing has a long history as an alternative method of performing arithmetic on a computer. While it can be considered an unbiased estimator of real numbers, it has a variance and MSE on the order of $\Omega(\frac{1}{N})$. On…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Chai Wah Wu

Many machine learning and optimization algorithms can be cast as instances of stochastic approximation (SA). The convergence rate of these algorithms is known to be slow, with the optimal mean squared error (MSE) of order $O(n^{-1})$. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Caio Kalil Lauand , Sean Meyn

Stochastic approximation (SA) is an iterative algorithm for finding the fixed point of an operator using noisy samples and widely used in optimization and Reinforcement Learning (RL). The noise in RL exhibits a Markovian structure, and in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Shaan Ul Haque , Sajad Khodadadian , Siva Theja Maguluri

This paper provides a recipe for deriving calculable approximation errors of mean-field models in heavy-traffic with the focus on the well-known load balancing algorithm -- power-of-two-choices (Po2). The recipe combines Stein's method for…

Performance · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Fnu Hairi , Xin Liu , Lei Ying

We study a probabilistic numerical method for the solution of both boundary and initial value problems that returns a joint Gaussian process posterior over the solution. Such methods have concrete value in the statistics on Riemannian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-13 Philipp Hennig , Søren Hauberg

We consider the problems of estimation and optimization of utility-based shortfall risk (UBSR), which is a popular risk measure in finance. In the context of UBSR estimation, we derive a non-asymptotic bound on the mean-squared error of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Sumedh Gupte , Prashanth L. A. , Sanjay P. Bhat

In this paper, we obtain error bound for binomial and negative binomial approximations to weighted sums of locally dependent random variables, using Stein's method. We also discuss approximation results for weighted sums of independent…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-10-20 Amit N. Kumar

Analyzing probabilistic programs and randomized algorithms are classical problems in computer science. The first basic problem in the analysis of stochastic processes is to consider the expectation or mean, and another basic problem is to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Jinyi Wang , Yican Sun , Hongfei Fu , Mingzhang Huang , Amir Kafshdar Goharshady , Krishnendu Chatterjee

Machine learning models perform well across domains such as diagnostics, weather forecasting, NLP, and autonomous driving, but their limited uncertainty handling restricts use in safety-critical settings. Traditional neural networks often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Bernhard Klein , Falk Selker , Hendrik Borras , Sophie Steger , Franz Pernkopf , Holger Fröning

In this paper, we propose a variance-reduced primal-dual algorithm with Bregman distance for solving convex-concave saddle-point problems with finite-sum structure and nonbilinear coupling function. This type of problems typically arises in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-02 Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani , Afrooz Jalilzadeh