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Stochastic rounding (SR) offers an alternative to the deterministic IEEE-754 floating-point rounding modes. In some applications such as PDEs, ODEs and neural networks, SR empirically improves the numerical behavior and convergence to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-06 El-Mehdi El Arar , Devan Sohier , Pablo de Oliveira Castro , Eric Petit

Recently, stochastic rounding (SR) has been implemented in specialized hardware but most current computing nodes do not yet support this rounding mode. Several works empirically illustrate the benefit of stochastic rounding in various…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-11 El-Mehdi El Arar , Devan Sohier , Pablo de Oliveira Castro , Eric Petit

The quality of numerical computations can be measured through their forward error, for which finding good error bounds is challenging in general. For several algorithms and using stochastic rounding (SR), probabilistic analysis has been…

Computation · Statistics 2025-08-29 Pablo de Oliveira Castro , El-Mehdi El Arar , Eric Petit , Devan Sohier

Classical probabilistic rounding error analysis is particularly well suited to stochastic rounding (SR), and it yields strong results when dealing with floating-point algorithms that rely heavily on summation. For many numerical linear…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-26 El-Mehdi El Arar , Massimiliano Fasi , Silviu-Ioan Filip , Mantas Mikaitis

Due to the limited number of bits in floating-point or fixed-point arithmetic, rounding is a necessary step in many computations. Although rounding methods can be tailored for different applications, round-off errors are generally…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Lu Xia , Martijn Anthonissen , Michiel Hochstenbach , Barry Koren

Stochastic rounding (SR) is a probabilistic rounding mode that mitigates errors in large-scale numerical computations, especially when prone to stagnation effects. Beyond numerical analysis, SR has shown significant benefits in practical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-26 El-Mehdi El Arar , Massimiliano Fasi , Silviu-Ioan Filip , Mantas Mikaitis

Stochastic rounding (SR) is a probabilistic method used to round numbers to floating-point and fixed-point representations. In length $n$ summation, the worst-case error of SR grows as $\sqrt{n}$ with high probability, unlike for standard…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-09 El-Mehdi El Arar , Massimiliano Fasi , Silviu-Ioan Filip , Mantas Mikaitis

We derive two probabilistic bounds for the relative forward error in the floating point summation of $n$ real numbers, by representing the roundoffs as independent, zero-mean, bounded random variables. The first probabilistic bound is based…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-31 Johnathan Rhyne

The conventional rounding error analysis provides worst-case bounds with an associated failure probability and ignores the statistical property of the rounding errors. In this paper, we develop a new statistical rounding error analysis for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Yiming Fang , Li Chen

Stochastic iterative algorithms, including stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD), are widely utilized for optimization and sampling in large-scale and high-dimensional problems in machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-22 Xiaoyu Wang , Mikolaj J. Kasprzak , Jeffrey Negrea , Solesne Bourguin , Jonathan H. Huggins

Stochastic Rounding is a probabilistic rounding mode that is surprisingly effective in large-scale computations and low-precision arithmetic. Its random nature promotes error cancellation rather than error accumulation, resulting in slower…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Petros Drineas , Ilse C. F. Ipsen

This paper considers a probabilistic model for floating-point computation in which the roundoff errors are represented by bounded random variables with mean zero. Using this model, a probabilistic bound is derived for the forward error of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-15 Eric Hallman

Probabilistic models are proposed for bounding the forward error in the numerically computed inner product (dot product, scalar product) between of two real $n$-vectors. We derive probabilistic perturbation bounds, as well as probabilistic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-06-26 Ilse C. F. Ipsen , Hua Zhou

Probabilistic rounding error analysis can yield much sharper bounds than classical worst-case theory, but existing results typically rely on zero-mean rounding errors and often leave the confidence parameter implicit. This work revisits…

Computation · Statistics 2026-03-10 Sahil Bhola , Karthik Duraisamy

We consider the problem of online linear regression in the stochastic setting. We derive high probability regret bounds for online ridge regression and the forward algorithm. This enables us to compare online regression algorithms more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Reda Ouhamma , Odalric Maillard , Vianney Perchet

We propose a stochastic approximation method for approximating the efficient frontier of chance-constrained nonlinear programs. Our approach is based on a bi-objective viewpoint of chance-constrained programs that seeks solutions on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-29 Rohit Kannan , James Luedtke

We analyze the forward error in the floating point summation of real numbers, for computations in low precision or extreme-scale problem dimensions that push the limits of the precision. We present a systematic recurrence for a martingale…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-31 Eric Hallman , Ilse C. F. Ipsen

In this paper, we introduce a new stochastic approximation (SA) type algorithm, namely the randomized stochastic gradient (RSG) method, for solving an important class of nonlinear (possibly nonconvex) stochastic programming (SP) problems.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-10-27 Saeed Ghadimi , Guanghui Lan

Large-scale numerical computations make increasing use of low-precision (LP) floating point formats and mixed precision arithmetic, which can be enhanced by the technique of stochastic rounding (SR), that is, rounding an intermediate…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-30 Andrew Fitzgibbon , Stephen Felix

When randomized ensembles such as bagging or random forests are used for binary classification, the prediction error of the ensemble tends to decrease and stabilize as the number of classifiers increases. However, the precise relationship…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-01 Miles E. Lopes
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