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In this paper, we present a proof of the NP-completeness of computing the smallest Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) that distinguishes two given regular languages as DFAs. A distinguishing DFA is an automaton that recognizes a language…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Jan Martens

The process of meta-learning algorithms from data, instead of relying on manual design, is growing in popularity as a paradigm for improving the performance of machine learning systems. Meta-learning shows particular promise for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Alexander David Goldie , Zilin Wang , Jaron Cohen , Jakob Nicolaus Foerster , Shimon Whiteson

We address two central notions of fairness in the literature of planning on nondeterministic fully observable domains. The first, which we call stochastic fairness, is classical, and assumes an environment which operates probabilistically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Benjamin Aminof , Giuseppe De Giacomo , Sasha Rubin

The emergence of intelligence in large language models (LLMs) has inspired investigations into their integration into automata learning. This paper introduces the probabilistic Minimally Adequate Teacher (pMAT) formulation, which leverages…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Lekai Chen , Ashutosh Trivedi , Alvaro Velasquez

In this paper, we propose and prove the theorem regarding the stability of attributes in a decision system. Based on the theorem, we propose the LRA framework for accelerating rough set algorithms. It is a general-purpose framework which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Shuyin Xia , Wenhua Li , Guoyin Wang , Xinbo Gao , Changqing Zhang , Elisabeth Giem

Mata is a well-engineered automata library written in C++ that offers a unique combination of speed and simplicity. It is meant to serve in applications such as string constraint solving and reasoning about regular expressions, and as…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-29 David Chocholatý , Tomáš Fiedor , Vojtěch Havlena , Lukáš Holík , Martin Hruška , Ondřej Lengál , Juraj Síč

The ambiguity of a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) N for input size n is the maximal number of accepting computations of N for an input of size n. For all k, r 2 N we construct languages Lr,k which can be recognized by NFA's with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-03-02 Juraj Hromkovic , Georg Schnitger

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is the standard specification language for reactive systems and is successfully applied in industrial settings. However, many shortcomings of LTL have been identified in the literature, among them the limited…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Daniel Neider , Alexander Weinert , Martin Zimmermann

The operator precedence languages (OPLs) represent the largest known subclass of the context-free languages which enjoys all desirable closure and decidability properties. This includes the decidability of language inclusion, which is the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Thomas A. Henzinger , Pavol Kebis , Nicolas Mazzocchi , N. Ege Saraç

Finding preferences expressed in natural language is an important but challenging task. State-of-the-art(SotA) methods leverage transformer-based models such as BERT, RoBERTa, etc. and graph neural architectures such as graph attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Inwon Kang , Sikai Ruan , Tyler Ho , Jui-Chien Lin , Farhad Mohsin , Oshani Seneviratne , Lirong Xia

It is common practice in reinforcement learning (RL) research to train and deploy agents in bespoke simulators, typically implemented by engineers directly in general-purpose programming languages or hardware acceleration frameworks such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Spyridon Samothrakis , Kurt Driessens , Mark H. M. Winands

Indexing strings via prefix (or suffix) sorting is, arguably, one of the most successful algorithmic techniques developed in the last decades. Can indexing be extended to languages? The main contribution of this paper is to initiate the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Jarno Alanko , Giovanna D'Agostino , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza

Grammatical inference consists in learning a formal grammar as a finite state machine or as a set of rewrite rules. In this paper, we are concerned with inferring Nondeterministic Finite Automata (NFA) that must accept some words, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Tomasz Jastrzab , Frédéric Lardeux , Eric Monfroy

The study of online algorithms with machine-learned predictions has gained considerable prominence in recent years. One of the common objectives in the design and analysis of such algorithms is to attain (Pareto) optimal tradeoffs between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Spyros Angelopoulos , Christoph Dürr , Alex Elenter , Yanni Lefki

An ideal detection system for machine generated content is supposed to work well on any generator as many more advanced LLMs come into existence day by day. Existing systems often struggle with accurately identifying AI-generated content…

Nondeterminism in scheduling is the cardinal reason for difficulty in proving correctness of concurrent programs. A powerful proof strategy was recently proposed [6] to show the correctness of such programs. The approach captured data-flow…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-04-29 Chinmay Narayan , Subodh Sharma , Shibashis Guha , S. Arun-Kumar

Flow analysis is a ubiquitous and much-studied component of compiler technology---and its variations abound. Amongst the most well known is Shivers' 0CFA; however, the best known algorithm for 0CFA requires time cubic in the size of the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-11-25 David Van Horn , Harry G. Mairson

Lexical Substitution discovers appropriate substitutes for a given target word in a context sentence. However, the task fails to consider substitutes that are of equal or higher proficiency than the target, an aspect that could be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Xuanming Zhang , Zixun Chen , Zhou Yu

For many decades, advances in static verification have focused on linear integer arithmetic (LIA) programs. Many real-world programs are, however, written with non-linear integer arithmetic (NLA) expressions, such as programs that model…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Yuandong Cyrus Liu , Ton-Chanh Le , Timos Antonopoulos , Eric Koskinen , ThanhVu Nguyen

One key challenge in Artificial Life is designing systems that display an emergence of complex behaviors. Many such systems depend on a high-dimensional parameter space, only a small subset of which displays interesting dynamics. Focusing…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-03-11 Vassilis Papadopoulos , Guilhem Doat , Arthur Renard , Clément Hongler