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Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is a pillar of mathematical optimization that offers a powerful modeling language for a wide range of applications. During the past decades, enormous algorithmic progress has been made in solving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-09 Lara Scavuzzo , Karen Aardal , Andrea Lodi , Neil Yorke-Smith

Mixed-integer optimization is at the core of many online decision-making systems that demand frequent updates of decisions in real time. However, due to their combinatorial nature, mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs) can be difficult to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Shivi Dixit , Rishabh Gupta , Qi Zhang

The interpretability of models has become a crucial issue in Machine Learning because of algorithmic decisions' growing impact on real-world applications. Tree ensemble methods, such as Random Forests or XgBoost, are powerful learning tools…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-19 Giulia Di Teodoro , Marta Monaci , Laura Palagi

Decision trees are one of the most popular methods for solving classification problems, mainly because of their good interpretability properties. Moreover, due to advances in recent years in mixed-integer optimization, several models have…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Jan Pablo Burgard , Maria Eduarda Pinheiro , Martin Schmidt

The increasing use of machine learning in high-stakes domains -- where people's livelihoods are impacted -- creates an urgent need for interpretable, fair, and highly accurate algorithms. With these needs in mind, we propose a mixed integer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Nathanael Jo , Sina Aghaei , Andrés Gómez , Phebe Vayanos

Scoring systems are linear classification models that only require users to add or subtract a few small numbers in order to make a prediction. They are used for example by clinicians to assess the risk of medical conditions. This work…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Hans-Jürgen Profitlich , Daniel Sonntag

Risk assessment tools in healthcare commonly employ point-based scoring systems that map patients to ordinal risk categories via thresholds. While electronic health record (EHR) data presents opportunities for data-driven optimization of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Fardin Ganjkhanloo , Emmett Springer , Erik H. Hoyer , Daniel L. Young , Kimia Ghobadi

In this paper, we propose a new mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model ontology and a novel constraint typology of MILP formulations. MILP is a commonly used mathematical programming technique for modelling and solving real-life…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Bahadorreza Ofoghi , Vicky Mak , John Yearwood

Scoring systems, as a type of predictive model, have significant advantages in interpretability and transparency and facilitate quick decision-making. As such, scoring systems have been extensively used in a wide variety of industries such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Yi Yang , Ying Wu , Mei Li , Xiangyu Chang , Yong Tan

We consider the problem of learning optimal binary classification trees. Literature on the topic has burgeoned in recent years, motivated both by the empirical suboptimality of heuristic approaches and the tremendous improvements in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-14 Sina Aghaei , Andres Gomez , Phebe Vayanos

Mixed Integer Linear Programs (MILP) are well known to be NP-hard (Non-deterministic Polynomial-time hard) problems in general. Even though pure optimization-based methods, such as constraint generation, are guaranteed to provide an optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-18 Asunción Jiménez-Cordero , Juan Miguel Morales , Salvador Pineda

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) has been a fundamental problem in combinatorial optimization. Conventional MILP solving mainly relies on carefully designed heuristics embedded in the branch-and-bound framework. Driven by the strong…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Siyuan Li , Yifan Yu , Zhihao Zhang , Mengjing Chen , Fangzhou Zhu , Tao Zhong , Peng Liu , Jianye Hao

This paper presents a novel approach to the joint optimization of job scheduling and data allocation in grid computing environments. We formulate this joint optimization problem as a mixed integer quadratically constrained program. To…

Finding optimal join orders is among the most crucial steps to be performed by query optimisers. Though extensively studied in data management research, the problem remains far from solved: While query optimisers rely on exhaustive search…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Manuel Schönberger , Immanuel Trummer , Wolfgang Mauerer

In this paper, we investigate the constraint typology of mixed-integer linear programming MILP formulations. MILP is a commonly used mathematical programming technique for modelling and solving real-life scheduling, routing, planning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Vicky Mak-Hau , John Yearwood , William Moran

Following the recent push for trustworthy AI, there has been an increasing interest in developing contrastive explanation techniques for optimisation, especially concerning the solution of specific decision-making processes formalised as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Roger Xavier Lera-Leri , Filippo Bistaffa , Athina Georgara , Juan Antonio Rodriguez-Aguilar

Machine Learning algorithms are ubiquitous in key decision-making contexts such as organizational justice or healthcare, which has spawned a great demand for fairness in these procedures. In this paper we focus on the application of fair ML…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-01 Arturo Pérez-Peralta , Sandra Benítez-Peña , Rosa E. Lillo

Multivariate decision trees are powerful machine learning tools for classification and regression that attract many researchers and industry professionals. An optimal binary tree has two types of vertices, (i) branching vertices which have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Brandon Alston , Illya V. Hicks

Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is a foundational tool for complex decision-making problems. However, the NP-hard nature of MILP presents a significant computational challenge, motivating the development of machine learning-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Hongpei Li , Hui Yuan , Han Zhang , Jianghao Lin , Dongdong Ge , Mengdi Wang , Yinyu Ye

In recent years, automated data-driven decision-making systems have enjoyed a tremendous success in a variety of fields (e.g., to make product recommendations, or to guide the production of entertainment). More recently, these algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Sina Aghaei , Mohammad Javad Azizi , Phebe Vayanos