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Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized clients without sharing private data. However, FL suffers from biased global models due to non-IID and long-tail data distributions. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jingrui Zhang , Yimeng Xu , Shujie Li , Feng Liang , Haihan Duan , Yanjie Dong , Victor C. M. Leung , Xiping Hu

As people pay more and more attention to privacy protection, Federated Learning (FL), as a promising distributed machine learning paradigm, is receiving more and more attention. However, due to the biased distribution of data on devices in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Yuquan Zhang , Yongquan Zhang

In federated learning (FL), multiple clients collaborate to train machine learning models together while keeping their data decentralized. Through utilizing more training data, FL suffers from the potential negative transfer problem: the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Wenxuan Bao , Haohan Wang , Jun Wu , Jingrui He

Federated learning (FL) typically faces data heterogeneity, i.e., distribution shifting among clients. Sharing clients' information has shown great potentiality in mitigating data heterogeneity, yet incurs a dilemma in preserving privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Zhiqin Yang , Yonggang Zhang , Yu Zheng , Xinmei Tian , Hao Peng , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

Federated Learning (FL) is a recent development in distributed machine learning that collaboratively trains models without training data leaving client devices, preserving data privacy. In real-world FL, the training set is distributed over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Jed Mills , Jia Hu , Geyong Min , Rui Jin , Siwei Zheng , Jin Wang

By letting local clients perform multiple local updates before communicating with a parameter server, modern federated learning algorithms such as FedAvg tackle the communication bottleneck problem in distributed learning and have found…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Jie Liu , Yongqiang Wang

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising framework for performing privacy-preserving, distributed learning with a set of clients. However, the data distribution among clients often exhibits non-IID, i.e., distribution shift, which makes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Zhe Qu , Xingyu Li , Rui Duan , Yao Liu , Bo Tang , Zhuo Lu

Federated Semi-supervised Learning (FSSL) combines techniques from both fields of federated and semi-supervised learning to improve the accuracy and performance of models in a distributed environment by using a small fraction of labeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Zehui Dong , Wenjing Liu , Siyuan Liu , Xingzhi Chen

Statistical heterogeneity severely limits the performance of federated learning (FL), motivating several explorations e.g., FedProx, MOON and FedDyn, to alleviate this problem. Despite effectiveness, their considered scenario generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Ziqing Fan , Jiangchao Yao , Ruipeng Zhang , Lingjuan Lyu , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Cross-client data heterogeneity in federated learning induces biases that impede unbiased consensus condensation and the complementary fusion of generalization- and personalization-oriented knowledge. While existing approaches mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ming Yang , Dongrun Li , Xin Wang , Xiaoyang Yu , Xiaoming Wu , Shibo He

With privacy as a motivation, Federated Learning (FL) is an increasingly used paradigm where learning takes place collectively on edge devices, each with a cache of user-generated training examples that remain resident on the local device.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Sean Augenstein , Andrew Hard , Kurt Partridge , Rajiv Mathews

Federated Learning (FL) holds great potential for diverse applications owing to its privacy-preserving nature. However, its convergence is often challenged by non-IID data distributions, limiting its effectiveness in real-world deployments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kun Zhai , Yifeng Gao , Difan Zou , Guangnan Ye , Siheng Chen , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Federated Learning (FL) confronts a significant challenge known as data heterogeneity, which impairs model performance and convergence. Existing methods have made notable progress in addressing this issue. However, improving performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Zhiqin Yang , Yonggang Zhang , Chenxin Li , Yiu-ming Cheung , Bo Han , Yixuan Yuan

The performance of Federated Learning (FL) hinges on the effectiveness of utilizing knowledge from distributed datasets. Traditional FL methods adopt an aggregate-then-adapt framework, where clients update local models based on a global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Yuan Wang , Huazhu Fu , Renuga Kanagavelu , Qingsong Wei , Yong Liu , Rick Siow Mong Goh

Federated Learning (FL) has shown great potential as a privacy-preserving solution to learning from decentralized data that are only accessible to end devices (i.e., clients). In many scenarios, however, a large proportion of the clients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Wentai Wu , Ligang He , Weiwei Lin , Carsten Maple

Federated learning (FL) supports distributed training of a global machine learning model across multiple devices with the help of a central server. However, data heterogeneity across different devices leads to the client model drift issue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Xu Zhou , Xinyu Lei , Cong Yang , Yichun Shi , Xiao Zhang , Jingwen Shi

Due to limited communication capacities of edge devices, most existing federated learning (FL) methods randomly select only a subset of devices to participate in training for each communication round. Compared with engaging all the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Jianyi Zhang , Ang Li , Minxue Tang , Jingwei Sun , Xiang Chen , Fan Zhang , Changyou Chen , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

Heterogeneous federated learning (HFL) aims to ensure effective and privacy-preserving collaboration among different entities. As newly joined clients require significant adjustments and additional training to align with the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Kaile Wang , Jiannong Cao , Yu Yang , Xiaoyin Li , Mingjin Zhang

Federated learning enables the clients to collaboratively train a global model, which is aggregated from local models. Due to the heterogeneous data distributions over clients and data privacy in federated learning, it is difficult to train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wujun Zhou , Shu Ding , ZeLin Li , Wei Wang

Federated graph learning (FGL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train powerful graph neural networks without sharing their private, decentralized graph data. Inherited from generic federated learning, FGL is critically challenged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Xinrui Li , Qilin Fan , Tianfu Wang , Kaiwen Wei , Ke Yu , Xu Zhang