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Artificial Intelligence agents are required to learn from their surroundings and to reason about the knowledge that has been learned in order to make decisions. While state-of-the-art learning from data typically uses sub-symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Samy Badreddine , Artur d'Avila Garcez , Luciano Serafini , Michael Spranger

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown human-like reasoning abilities but still struggle with complex logical problems. This paper introduces a novel framework, Logic-LM, which integrates LLMs with symbolic solvers to improve logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Liangming Pan , Alon Albalak , Xinyi Wang , William Yang Wang

Natural Language Processing (NLP) helps empower intelligent machines by enhancing a better understanding of the human language for linguistic-based human-computer communication. Recent developments in computational power and the advent of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Amirsina Torfi , Rouzbeh A. Shirvani , Yaser Keneshloo , Nader Tavaf , Edward A. Fox

The goal of combining the robustness of neural networks and the expressiveness of symbolic methods has rekindled the interest in Neuro-Symbolic AI. Deep Probabilistic Programming Languages (DPPLs) have been developed for probabilistic logic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Arseny Skryagin , Daniel Ochs , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Symbolic has been long considered as a language of human intelligence while neural networks have advantages of robust computation and dealing with noisy data. The integration of neural-symbolic can offer better learning and reasoning while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Son N. Tran

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with complex mathematical reasoning, where prose-based generation leads to unverified and arithmetically unsound solutions. Current prompting strategies like Chain of Thought still operate within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sina Bagheri Nezhad , Yao Li , Ameeta Agrawal

Progress in AI is hindered by the lack of a programming language with all the requisite features. Libraries like PyTorch and TensorFlow provide automatic differentiation and efficient GPU implementation, but are additions to Python, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Pedro Domingos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning performance but struggle with multi-step deductive reasoning involving a series of rule application steps, especially when rules are presented non-sequentially. Our preliminary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei , Yejin Choi , Xiang Ren

Neurosymbolic AI is an increasingly active area of research that combines symbolic reasoning methods with deep learning to leverage their complementary benefits. As knowledge graphs are becoming a popular way to represent heterogeneous and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Lauren Nicole DeLong , Ramon Fernández Mir , Jacques D. Fleuriot

We present a framework where neural models develop an AI Mother Tongue, a native symbolic language that simultaneously supports intuitive reasoning, compositional symbol chains, and inherent interpretability. Unlike post-hoc explanation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Hung Ming Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in complex reasoning tasks but struggle with consistent rule application, exception handling, and explainability, particularly in domains like legal analysis that require both natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Albert Sadowski , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-3 and GPT-4, have demonstrated exceptional performance in various natural language processing tasks and have shown the ability to solve certain reasoning problems. However, their reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Adam Ishay , Zhun Yang , Joohyung Lee

Neuro-symbolic AI systems integrate neural perception with symbolic reasoning to enable data-efficient, interpretable, and robust intelligence beyond purely neural models. Although this compositional paradigm has shown superior performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zishen Wan , Che-Kai Liu , Jiayi Qian , Hanchen Yang , Arijit Raychowdhury , Tushar Krishna

We introduce DeepPSL a variant of probabilistic soft logic (PSL) to produce an end-to-end trainable system that integrates reasoning and perception. PSL represents first-order logic in terms of a convex graphical model -- hinge-loss Markov…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-07 Sridhar Dasaratha , Sai Akhil Puranam , Karmvir Singh Phogat , Sunil Reddy Tiyyagura , Nigel P. Duffy

Neurosymbolic (NeSy) frameworks combine neural representations and learning with symbolic representations and reasoning. Combining the reasoning capacities, explainability, and interpretability of symbolic processing with the flexibility…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Sania Sinha , Tanawan Premsri , Danial Kamali , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Vision-Language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on multimodal tasks but often fail at systematic visual reasoning tasks, leading to inconsistent or illogical outputs. Neuro-symbolic methods promise to address this by inducing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Antonia Wüst , Wolfgang Stammer , Hikaru Shindo , Lukas Helff , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Pre-trained language models (LMs) have shown remarkable reasoning performance using explanations or chain-of-thoughts (CoT)) for in-context learning. On the other hand, these reasoning tasks are usually presumed to be more approachable for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yi-Fan Zhang , Hanlin Zhang , Li Erran Li , Eric Xing

The ability to conduct logical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of intelligent human behavior, and thus an important problem along the way to human-level artificial intelligence. Traditionally, logic-based symbolic methods from the field…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Patrick Hohenecker , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Structured reasoning over natural language inputs remains a core challenge in artificial intelligence, as it requires bridging the gap between unstructured linguistic expressions and formal logical representations. In this paper, we propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Keying Yang , Hao Wang , Kai Yang

With the ever-increasing volume of data, there is an urgent need to provide expressive and efficient tools to support Big Data analytics. The declarative logical language Datalog has proven very effective at expressing concisely graph,…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Mingda Li , Jin Wang , Guorui Xiao , Youfu Li , Carlo Zaniolo