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Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have become a critical enabler for global coverage, utilizing numerous satellites orbiting Earth at high speeds. By decomposing complex network services into lightweight service functions,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Li Zeng , Zixin Wang , Yuanming Shi , Khaled B. Letaief

End-to-end latency in large low-Earth-orbit (LEO) constellations is dominated by propagation delay, making total delay roughly proportional to the network diameter, the longest shortest path in hops. Current inter-satellite link (ISL)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Arman Mollakhani , Jerayu Tiamraj , Shu-Jie Cao , Dongning Guo

Current theoretical studies on IoT-over-LEO satellite systems often rely on unrealistic assumptions, such as infinite terrestrial areas and omnidirectional satellite coverage, leaving significant gaps in theoretical analysis for more…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wen-Yu Dong , Shaoshi Yang , Ping Zhang , Sheng Chen

Recently, the increasing deployment of LEO satellite systems has enabled various space analytics (e.g., crop and climate monitoring), which heavily relies on the advancements in deep learning (DL). However, the intermittent connectivity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zheng Lin , Yuxin Zhang , Zhe Chen , Zihan Fang , Cong Wu , Xianhao Chen , Yue Gao , Jun Luo

Low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication (SatCom) has emerged as a promising technology to improve wireless connectivity in global areas. Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO), an architecture proposed for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Xiangyu Li , Bodong Shang

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite plays an indispensable role in the earth network because of its low latency, large capacity, and seamless global coverage. For such an unprecedented extensive irregular system, stochastic geometry (SG) is a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Ruibo Wang , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are emerging as an essential communication infrastructure, with standardized 5G-based non-terrestrial networks and their integration with terrestrial systems envisioned as a key feature of 6G.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Andreas Casparsen , Jonas Ellegaard Jakobsen , Jimmy Jessen Nielsen , Petar Popovski , Israel Leyva Mayorga

In recent years, the emergence of large-scale Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has introduced unprecedented opportunities for global connectivity. However, routing efficiency and inter-shell communication remain key challenges…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Hailong Su , Jinshu Su , Yusheng Xia , Haibin Li

With the rapid growth of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, satellite-IoT systems using the LoRa technique have been increasingly deployed to provide widespread Internet services to low-power and low-cost ground devices. However, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yimin Zhao , Weibo Wang , Xiong Wang , Linghe Kong , Jiadi Yu , Yifei Zhu , Shiyuan Li , Chong He , Guihai Chen

In this paper, we investigate the massive multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing channel estimation for low-earth-orbit satellite communication systems. First, we use the angle-delay domain channel to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-14 Ke-Xin Li , Xiqi Gao , Xiang-Gen Xia

In this paper, we review well-known handovers algorithms in satellite environment. The modern research trends and contributions are proposed and summarized in order to overcome their considering problems in satellite-air-ground integrated…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Soohyun Park , Joongheon Kim

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites play a crucial role in providing global connectivity for non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) and supporting various Internet-of-Remote-Things (IoRT) applications. Each LEO satellite functions as a relay node in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jinho Choi

In this paper, we propose a spatial-temporal learning-based distributed routing framework for dynamic Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, where graph attention networks (GAT) and long short-term memory (LSTM) are integrated within a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Po-Heng Chou , Chiapin Wang , Shou-Yu Chen , Hsiang-Ming Wang

Recent breakthroughs in technology have led to a thriving "new space" culture in low-Earth orbit (LEO) in which performance and cost considerations dominate over resilience and reliability as mission goals. These advances create a manifold…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Gregory Stock , Juan A. Fraire , Holger Hermanns , Eduardo Cruz , Alastair Isaacs , Zhana Imbrosh

A great amount of endeavour has recently been devoted to the joint device activity detection and channel estimation problem in massive machine-type communications. This paper targets at two practical issues along this line that have not…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-04 Liang Liu , Ya-Feng Liu

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite navigation signal can be used as an opportunity signal in case of a Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) outage, or as an enhancement means of traditional GNSS positioning algorithms. No matter which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-01 Liang Chen , Xiangchen Lu , Nan Shen , Lei Wang , Yuan Zhuang , Ye Su , Deren Li , Ruizhi Chen

A massive MIMO system, represented by a base station with hundreds of antennas, is capable of spatially multiplexing many devices and thus naturally suited to serve dense crowds of wireless devices in emerging applications, such as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-06 Elisabeth de Carvalho , Emil Björnson , Jesper H. Sørensen , Erik G. Larsson , Petar Popovski

The extension of wide area wireless connectivity to low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems demands a fresh look at the effects of in-orbit base stations, sky-to-ground propagation, and cell planning. A multi-beam LEO…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-15 Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts , Jeffrey G. Andrews

The next sixth generation (6G) networks are envisioned to integrate sensing and communications in a single system, thus greatly improving spectrum utilization and reducing hardware costs. Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Li You , Yongxiang Zhu , Xiaoyu Qiang , Christos G. Tsinos , Wenjin Wang , Xiqi Gao , Björn Ottersten

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are being extensively researched in the development of secure Internet of Remote Things (IoRT). In scenarios with miniaturized terminals, the limited transmission power and long transmission distance often…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-27 Pingyue Yue , Yixuan Li , Yue Li , Rui Zhang , Shuai Wang , Jianping An