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Due to the redundant nature of DNA synthesis and sequencing technologies, a basic model for a DNA storage system is a multi-draw "shuffling-sampling" channel. In this model, a random number of noisy copies of each sequence is observed at…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Kel Levick , Reinhard Heckel , Ilan Shomorony

The coverage depth problem in DNA data storage is about computing the expected number of reads needed to recover all encoded strands. Given a generator matrix of a linear code, this quantity equals the expected number of randomly drawn…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Matteo Bertuzzo , Alberto Ravagnani , Eitan Yaakobi

DNA sequence encoding is fundamental to gene function prediction, protein synthesis, and diverse downstream biological tasks. Despite the substantial progress achieved by large-scale DNA sequence pretraining, existing studies have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhijiang Tang , Jiaxin Qi , Yan Cui , Jinli Ou , Yuhua Zheng , Jianqiang Huang

DNA-based data storage systems face practical challenges due to the high cost of DNA synthesis. A strategy to address the problem entails encoding data via topological modifications of the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone. The DNA Punchcards…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jin Sima , Chao Pan , S. Kasra Tabatabaei , Alvaro G. Hernandez , Charles M. Schroeder , Olgica Milenkovic

DNA has been proposed as a chemical platform for computing and data storage, paving the way for building DNA-based computers. Recently, DNA has been hypothesized as an ideal quantum computer with the base pairs working as Josephson…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Roberto Rivelino

Recent experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of storing digital information in macromolecules such as DNA and protein. However, the DNA storage channel is prone to errors such as deletions, insertions, and substitutions. During the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Aryan Abbasian , Mahtab Mirmohseni , Masoumeh Nasiri Kenari

This work presents a theoretical analysis of the probability of successfully retrieving data encoded with MDS codes (e.g., Reed-Solomon codes) in DNA storage systems. We study this probability under independent and identically distributed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Serge Kas Hanna

Codes have been used for centuries to convey secret information.To a cryptanalyst, the interception of a code is only the first step in recovering a secret message.Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a biological and molecular code.Through the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-01-31 O. Okunoye Babatunde

The short lifespan of traditional data storage media, coupled with an exponential increase in storage demand, has made long-term archival a fundamental problem in the data storage industry and beyond. Consequently, researchers are looking…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-06 Xavier Pic , Nimesh Pinnamaneni , Raja Appuswamy

Data storage is one of the main computing issues of this century. Not only storage devices are converging to strict physical limits, but also the amount of data generated by users is growing at an unbelievable rate. To face these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Federico Tavella , Alberto Giaretta , Mauro Conti , Sasitharan Balasubramaniam

We consider the problem of coding for the substring channel, in which information strings are observed only through their (multisets of) substrings. Due to existing DNA sequencing techniques and applications in DNA-based storage systems,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Yonatan Yehezkeally , Nikita Polyanskii

As DNA data storage moves closer to practical deployment, minimizing sequencing coverage depth is essential to reduce both operational costs and retrieval latency. This paper addresses the recently studied Random Access Problem, which…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Chen Wang , Eitan Yaakobi

With the progressive scale-down of semiconductor's feature size, people are looking forward to More Moore and More than Moore. In order to offer a possible alternative implementation process, people are trying to figure out a feasible…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Chuan Zhang , Lulu Ge , Yuchen Zhuang , Ziyuan Shen , Zhiwei Zhong , Zaichen Zhang , Xiaohu You

The structural origin of the size of the 11 nm nucleosomal disc is addressed. On the nanometer length-scale the organization of DNA as chromatin in the chromosomes involves a coiling of DNA around the histone core of the nucleosome. We…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-03-18 Jakob Bohr , Kasper Olsen

In this present work, we generalize the study of construction of DNA codes over the rings $\mathcal{R}_\theta=\mathbb{Z}_4+w\mathbb{Z}_4$, $w^2 = \theta $ for $\theta \in \mathbb{Z}_4+w\mathbb{Z}_4$. Rigorous study along with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Adel Alahmadi , Krishna Gopal Benerjee , Sourav Deb , Manish K Gupta

How to represent the genetic code? Despite the fact that it is extensively known, the DNA mapping into proteins remains as one of the relevant discoveries of genetics. However, modern genomic signal processing usually requires converting…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2015-03-10 H. M. de Oliveira , N. S. Santos-Magalhaes

Enzymatic DNA labeling is a powerful tool with applications in biochemistry, molecular biology, biotechnology, medical science, and genomic research. This paper contributes to the evolving field of DNA-based data storage by presenting a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Daniella Bar-Lev , Tuvi Etzion , Eitan Yaakobi , Zohar Yakhini

DNA code design aims to generate a set of DNA sequences (codewords) with minimum likelihood of undesired hybridizations among sequences and their reverse-complement (RC) pairs (cross-hybridization). Inspired by the distinct hybridization…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Yixin Wang , Md Noor-A-Rahim , Erry Gunawan , Yong Liang Guan , Chueh Loo Poh

We consider error-correcting coding for DNA-based storage. We model the DNA storage channel as a multi-draw IDS channel where the input data is chunked into $M$ short DNA strands, which are copied a random number of times, and the channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Lorenz Welter , Issam Maarouf , Andreas Lenz , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eirik Rosnes , Alexandre Graell i Amat

We present a finite blocklength performance bound for a DNA storage channel with insertions, deletions, and substitutions. The considered bound -- the dependency testing (DT) bound, introduced by Polyanskiy et al. in 2010 -- provides an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Issam Maarouf , Gianluigi Liva , Eirik Rosnes , Alexandre Graell i Amat