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The increasing demand for transparent and reliable models, particularly in high-stakes decision-making areas such as medical image analysis, has led to the emergence of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Post-hoc XAI techniques,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Junlin Hou , Sicen Liu , Yequan Bie , Hongmei Wang , Andong Tan , Luyang Luo , Hao Chen

State-of-the-art deep-learning systems use decision rules that are challenging for humans to model. Explainable AI (XAI) attempts to improve human understanding but rarely accounts for how people typically reason about unfamiliar agents. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Scott Cheng-Hsin Yang , Wai Keen Vong , Ravi B. Sojitra , Tomas Folke , Patrick Shafto

A high-velocity paradigm shift towards Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged in recent years. Highly complex Machine Learning (ML) models have flourished in many tasks of intelligence, and the questions have started to shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jacob Dineen , Don Kridel , Daniel Dolk , David Castillo

In addition to the impressive predictive power of machine learning (ML) models, more recently, explanation methods have emerged that enable an interpretation of complex non-linear learning models such as deep neural networks. Gaining a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Simon Letzgus , Patrick Wagner , Jonas Lederer , Wojciech Samek , Klaus-Robert Müller , Gregoire Montavon

Nowadays Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a fundamental component of healthcare applications, both clinical and remote, but the best performing AI systems are often too complex to be self-explaining. Explainable AI (XAI) techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Flavio Di Martino , Franca Delmastro

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods are intended to help human users better understand the decision making of an AI agent. However, many modern XAI approaches are unintuitive to end users, particularly those without prior AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Faraz Khadivpour , Arghasree Banerjee , Matthew Guzdial

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly support decision-making across critical domains, yet current explainable AI (XAI) approaches prioritize algorithmic transparency over human comprehension. While XAI methods reveal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Christian Meske , Justin Brenne , Erdi Uenal , Sabahat Oelcer , Ayseguel Doganguen

The goal of explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is to generate human-interpretable explanations, but there are no computationally precise theories of how humans interpret AI generated explanations. The lack of theory means that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Scott Cheng-Hsin Yang , Tomas Folke , Patrick Shafto

Explainable AI (XAI) can greatly enhance user trust and satisfaction in AI-assisted decision-making processes. Recent findings suggest that a single explainer may not meet the diverse needs of multiple users in an AI system; indeed, even…

The advancements in deep learning-based methods for visual perception tasks have seen astounding growth in the last decade, with widespread adoption in a plethora of application areas from autonomous driving to clinical decision support…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Kumar Abhishek , Deeksha Kamath

Strategies based on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) have promoted better human interpretability of the results of black box models. This opens up the possibility of questioning whether explanations created by XAI methods meet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 José Ribeiro , Níkolas Carneiro , Ronnie Alves

For synergistic interactions between humans and artificial intelligence (AI) systems, AI outputs often need to be explainable to people. Explainable AI (XAI) systems are commonly tested in human user studies. However, whether XAI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Uwe Peters , Mary Carman

A longstanding challenge surrounding deep learning algorithms is unpacking and understanding how they make their decisions. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) offers methods to provide explanations of internal functions of algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Amin Nayebi , Sindhu Tipirneni , Brandon Foreman , Chandan K. Reddy , Vignesh Subbian

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is essential for building advanced machine learning-powered applications, especially in critical domains such as medical diagnostics or autonomous driving. Legal, business, and ethical requirements…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Tobias Labarta , Elizaveta Kulicheva , Ronja Froelian , Christian Geißler , Xenia Melman , Julian von Klitzing

Explainable AI (XAI) has been investigated for decades and, together with AI itself, has witnessed unprecedented growth in recent years. Among various approaches to XAI, argumentative models have been advocated in both the AI and social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Kristijonas Čyras , Antonio Rago , Emanuele Albini , Pietro Baroni , Francesca Toni

An explainable AI (XAI) model aims to provide transparency (in the form of justification, explanation, etc) for its predictions or actions made by it. Recently, there has been a lot of focus on building XAI models, especially to provide…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Arjun Akula , Song-Chun Zhu

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging research field bringing transparency to highly complex and opaque machine learning (ML) models. Despite the development of a multitude of methods to explain the decisions of black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Leander Weber , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Alexander Binder , Wojciech Samek

While research on explainable AI (XAI) is booming and explanation techniques have proven promising in many application domains, standardised human-centred evaluation procedures are still missing. In addition, current evaluation procedures…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ivania Donoso-Guzmán , Jeroen Ooge , Denis Parra , Katrien Verbert

eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods have emerged to convert the black box of machine learning (ML) models into a more digestible form. These methods help to communicate how the model works with the aim of making ML models more…

eXplainable AI focuses on generating explanations for the output of an AI algorithm to a user, usually a decision-maker. Such user needs to interpret the AI system in order to decide whether to trust the machine outcome. When addressing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Irene Celino