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We study the design of stochastic local search methods to prove unsatisfiability of a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). For a binary CSP, such methods have been designed using the microstructure of the CSP. Here, we develop a method to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Daya Gaur , Muhammad Khan

We refine the formulation of the Boolean satisfiability problem with $n$ Boolean variables in Clifford algebra ${\cal C}\ell(\mathbb{R}^{n,n})$ [3] and exploit this continuous setting to outline a new unsatisfiability test. This algorithm…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Marco Budinich

We address the problem of proving the satisfiability of Constrained Horn Clauses (CHCs) with Algebraic Data Types (ADTs), such as lists and trees. We propose a new technique for transforming CHCs with ADTs into CHCs where predicates are…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Emanuele De Angelis , Fabio Fioravanti , Alberto Pettorossi , Maurizio Proietti

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success in leveraging a large amount of unlabeled data to learn a promising classifier. A popular approach is pseudo-labeling that generates pseudo labels only for those unlabeled data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Qinyi Deng , Yong Guo , Zhibang Yang , Haolin Pan , Jian Chen

We show how to generate and validate logical proofs of unsatisfiability from delta-complete decision procedures that rely on error-prone numerical algorithms. Solving this problem is important for ensuring correctness of the decision…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-09-24 Sicun Gao , Soonho Kong , Edmund Clarke

SMT solvers have been used successfully as reasoning engines for automated verification and other applications based on automated reasoning. Current techniques for dealing with quantified formulas in SMT are generally incomplete, forcing…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-06-02 Andrew Reynolds , Cesare Tinelli , Clark Barrett

We present graph backtracking, a novel, fine-grained backtracking scheme for CDCL-based SAT solving, parametrized by a user-defined weight function. For conflict repair, we challenge the decision level abstraction and use the implication…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Robin Coutelier , Thomas Hader , Laura Kovács

We propose Differentiable Satisfiability and Differentiable Answer Set Programming (Differentiable SAT/ASP) for multi-model optimization. Models (answer sets or satisfying truth assignments) are sampled using a novel SAT/ASP solving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Matthias Nickles

Finding good branching orders is key to solving SAT problems efficiently, but finding such branching orders is a difficult problem. Using a learning based approach to predict a good branching order before solving, therefore, has potential.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Arvid Eriksson , Gabriel Poesia , Roman Bresson , Karl Henrik Johansson , David Broman

In the article \The State of SAT", the authors asked whether a procedure dramatically different from DPLL can be found for handling unsatisfiable instances. This study proposes a new linear programming approach to address this issue…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-08-20 Chengling Fang , Jiang Liu

Clause Learning is one of the most important components of a conflict driven clause learning (CDCL) SAT solver that is effective on industrial instances. Since the number of learned clauses is proved to be exponential in the worse case, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Jerry Lonlac , Engelbert Mephu Nguifo

Quantified Conflict Driven Clause Leaning (QCDCL) is one of the main approaches to solving Quantified Boolean Formulas (QBF). Cube-learning is employed in this approach to ensure that true formulas can be verified. Dependency Schemes help…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Abhimanyu Choudhury , Meena Mahajan

Computer programs, so-called solvers, for solving the well-known Boolean satisfiability problem (Sat) have been improving for decades. Among the reasons, why these solvers are so fast, is the implicit usage of the formula's structural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Markus Hecher

We introduce a new algorithm for checking satisfiability based on a calculus of Dependency sequents (D-sequents). Given a CNF formula F(X), a D-sequent is a record stating that under a partial assignment a set of variables of X is redundant…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-07-23 Eugene Goldberg , Panagiotis Manolios

The Gauss-Jordan elimination algorithm is extended to reduce a row-finite $\omega\times\omega$ matrix to lower row-reduced form, founded on a strategy of rightmost pivot elements. Such reduced matrix form preserves row equivalence, unlike…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2012-01-17 Alexandros G. Paraskevopoulos

Efficient implementations of DPLL with the addition of clause learning are the fastest complete Boolean satisfiability solvers and can handle many significant real-world problems, such as verification, planning and design. Despite its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-07-04 P. Beame , H. Kautz , A. Sabharwal

Automatic synthesis of hardware components from declarative specifications is an ambitious endeavor in computer aided design. Existing synthesis algorithms are often implemented with Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs), inheriting their…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-11-15 Roderick Bloem , Robert Koenighofer , Martina Seidl

The CNF formula satisfiability problem (CNF-SAT) has been reduced to many fundamental problems in P to prove tight lower bounds under the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH). Recently, the works of Abboud, Hansen, Vassilevska W. and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Daniel Gibney , Gary Hoppenworth , Sharma V. Thankachan

Pseudo-label-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success on raw data utilization. However, its training procedure suffers from confirmation bias due to the noise contained in self-generated artificial labels. Moreover,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Fan Yang , Kai Wu , Shuyi Zhang , Guannan Jiang , Yong Liu , Feng Zheng , Wei Zhang , Chengjie Wang , Long Zeng

A previously developed quantum search algorithm for solving 1-SAT problems in a single step is generalized to apply to a range of highly constrained k-SAT problems. We identify a bound on the number of clauses in satisfiability problems for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-05-30 T. Hogg