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Recently, generative retrieval emerges as a promising alternative to traditional retrieval paradigms. It assigns each document a unique identifier, known as DocID, and employs a generative model to directly generate the relevant DocID for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Peitian Zhang , Zheng Liu , Yujia Zhou , Zhicheng Dou , Fangchao Liu , Zhao Cao

Generative retrieval represents a novel approach to information retrieval. It uses an encoder-decoder architecture to directly produce relevant document identifiers (docids) for queries. While this method offers benefits, current approaches…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Yubao Tang , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke , Wei Chen , Xueqi Cheng

Generative retrieval, which is a new advanced paradigm for document retrieval, has recently attracted research interests, since it encodes all documents into the model and directly generates the retrieved documents. However, its power is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Tianchi Yang , Minghui Song , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang

Generative retrieval uses differentiable search indexes to directly generate relevant document identifiers in response to a query. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of a strong generative retrieval model, trained with carefully…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yubao Tang , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

Generative retrieval constitutes an innovative approach in information retrieval, leveraging generative language models (LM) to generate a ranked list of document identifiers (docid) for a given query. It simplifies the retrieval pipeline…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Penghao Lu , Xin Dong , Yuansheng Zhou , Lei Cheng , Chuan Yuan , Linjian Mo

Generative retrieval (GR) reformulates information retrieval (IR) by framing it as the generation of document identifiers (docids), thereby enabling end-to-end optimization and seamless integration with generative language models (LMs).…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Weiwei Sun , Keyi Kong , Xinyu Ma , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren , Yiming Yang

While dense retrieval models, which embed queries and documents into a shared low-dimensional space, have gained widespread popularity, they were shown to exhibit important theoretical limitations and considerably lag behind traditional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Adrian Bracher , Svitlana Vakulenko

Generative Retrieval (GR) is an emerging paradigm in information retrieval that leverages generative models to directly map queries to relevant document identifiers (DocIDs) without the need for traditional query processing or document…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Tzu-Lin Kuo , Tzu-Wei Chiu , Tzung-Sheng Lin , Sheng-Yang Wu , Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

Generative retrieval shed light on a new paradigm of document retrieval, aiming to directly generate the identifier of a relevant document for a query. While it takes advantage of bypassing the construction of auxiliary index structures,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sunkyung Lee , Minjin Choi , Jongwuk Lee

Generative information retrieval (GenIR) is a promising neural retrieval paradigm that formulates document retrieval as a document identifier (docid) generation task, allowing for end-to-end optimization toward a unified global retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kidist Amde Mekonnen , Yubao Tang , Maarten de Rijke

Generative retrieval generates identifiers of relevant documents in an end-to-end manner using a sequence-to-sequence architecture for a given query. The relation between generative retrieval and other retrieval methods, especially those…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Shiguang Wu , Wenda Wei , Mengqi Zhang , Zhumin Chen , Jun Ma , Zhaochun Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Pengjie Ren

Designing document identifiers (docids) that carry rich semantic information while maintaining tractable search spaces is a important challenge in generative retrieval (GR). Popular codebook methods address this by building a hierarchical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Yingchen Zhang , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Wenjun Peng , Sen Li , Fuyu Lv , Xueqi Cheng

Information Retrieval (IR) systems are crucial tools for users to access information, which have long been dominated by traditional methods relying on similarity matching. With the advancement of pre-trained language models, generative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Xiaoxi Li , Jiajie Jin , Yujia Zhou , Yuyao Zhang , Peitian Zhang , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

Recently, a novel generative retrieval (GR) paradigm has been proposed, where a single sequence-to-sequence model is learned to directly generate a list of relevant document identifiers (docids) given a query. Existing GR models commonly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yubao Tang , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke , Wei Chen , Xueqi Cheng

Generative retrieval (GR) directly predicts the identifiers of relevant documents (i.e., docids) based on a parametric model. It has achieved solid performance on many ad-hoc retrieval tasks. So far, these tasks have assumed a static…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jiangui Chen , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke , Wei Chen , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

There is a growing interest in utilizing large-scale language models (LLMs) to advance next-generation Recommender Systems (RecSys), driven by their outstanding language understanding and in-context learning capabilities. In this scenario,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Haohao Qu , Wenqi Fan , Zihuai Zhao , Qing Li

Generative Information Retrieval (GenIR) is a novel paradigm in which a transformer encoder-decoder model predicts document rankings based on a query in an end-to-end fashion. These GenIR models have received significant attention due to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Anja Reusch , Yonatan Belinkov

Generative retrieval (GR) reframes document retrieval as an end-to-end task of generating sequential document identifiers (DocIDs). Existing GR methods predominantly rely on left-to-right auto-regressive decoding, which suffers from two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xinpeng Zhao , Zhaochun Ren , Yukun Zhao , Zhenyang Li , Mengqi Zhang , Jun Feng , Ran Chen , Ying Zhou , Zhumin Chen , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Xin Xin

Generative retrieval (GR) reformulates the Information Retrieval (IR) task as the generation of document identifiers (docIDs). Despite its promise, existing GR models exhibit poor generalization to newly added documents, often failing to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhen Zhang , Zihan Wang , Xinyu Ma , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Xin Xin , Pengjie Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

Existing generative retrieval (GR) methods rely on training-based indexing, which fine-tunes a model to memorise associations between queries and the document identifiers (docids) of relevant documents. Training-based indexing suffers from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Arian Askari , Chuan Meng , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Zhaochun Ren , Evangelos Kanoulas , Suzan Verberne
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