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The properties of supernovae (SNe) are reviewed. It is shown that the observed characteristics of the morphological classes of SNe (types Ia, Ib/c, II) can be explained in terms of two basic explosion mechanisms, i.e. core collapse of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 Nino Panagia

Circumstellar interaction of supernova (SN) ejecta is an essential process in its evolution and observations of SNe have found the signature of circumstellar interaction both in the early and late evolutionary phase of SNe. In this Letter,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-14 Tomoki Matsuoka , Keiichi Maeda , Ke-Jung Chen

The light curves of 'hypernovae', i.e. very energetic supernovae with $E_{51} \equiv E/10^{51}$ergs $\gsim 5-10$ are characterized at epochs of a few months by a phase of linear decline. Classical, one-dimensional explosion models fail to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 K. Maeda , P. A. Mazzali , J. Deng , K. Nomoto , Y. Yoshii , H. Tomita , Y. Kobayashi

The interaction between the fast-moving ejecta and the interstellar medium can produce long-lasting radio signals after binary neutron star mergers. Searching for such radio signals is a way to test the central engine of kilonovae and short…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Jia-Xiang Chen , Shao-Ze Li

We report observations of the optical counterpart of the long gamma-ray burst (LGRB) GRB 221009A. Due to the extreme rarity of being both nearby ($z = 0.151$) and highly energetic ($E_{\gamma,\mathrm{iso}} \geq 10^{54}$ erg), GRB 221009A…

We study high-energy (HE) neutrino production from interactions between supernova (SN) ejecta and the surrounding circumstellar material (CSM), focusing on regular Type~II and Type~IIn SNe. Using observationally inferred CSM density…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-21 Yi-Long Duan , Tuohuniyazi Tuniyazi , Gang Guo

There are indications that $\gamma$-ray dark objects such as supernovae (SNe) with choked jets, and the cores of active galactic nuclei may contribute to the diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos measured by the IceCube observatory. In…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-01-23 Nicholas Senno , Kohta Murase , Peter Mészáros

An extensive photometric and spectroscopic follow-up campaign of the Type IIb SN 2022ngb is presented in the article. Through detailed modeling of this dataset, we aim to constrain the key physical parameters of the explosion, infer the…

Excess reddened optical emission has been measured in the power-law decay afterglow light curves of several GRBs some tens of days after the GRB events. This emission is claimed to be a signature of a supernova (SN) taking place at the same…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles D. Dermer

Decades have passed since the first confirmed association between a broad-lined Type Ic supernova (Type IcBL SN) and a long gamma-ray burst (GRB), and the number of known GRB-SN associations has steadily increased. However, it is important…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-07 Yo Kusafuka , Tomoki Matsuoka , Ryo Sawada

Observations of several gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that are temporally and spatially compatible with energetic supernovae (hypernovae) has established their common origin. In one case (GRB 111209A/SN 2011kl) the associated supernova was…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-08 Achille Fiore , Ludovica Crosato Menegazzi , Giulia Stratta

The interaction between the ejecta of supernovae (SNe) of Type IIn and a dense circumstellar medium (CSM) can efficiently generate thermal UV/optical radiation and lead to the emission of neutrinos in the $1$-$10^{3}$~TeV range. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-02 Tetyana Pitik , Irene Tamborra , Massimiliano Lincetto , Anna Franckowiak

The discovery of GW170817 and GRB 170817A in tandem with AT 2017gfo cemented the connection between neutron star mergers, short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and kilonovae. To investigate short GRB observations in the context of diverse kilonova…

Neutrino astronomy provides another window to exploring the Universe, exemplified by the detection of a megaelectronvolt neutrino burst from the core-collapse supernova (CCSN) SN~1987A (refs.~\citenum{hir+87,bio+87}). Commonly discussed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-05 Shunhao Ji , Zhongxiang Wang , Litao Zhu , Dong Zheng

The dividing line between gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and ordinary stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae (SNe) is yet to be fully understood. Observationally mapping the variety of ejecta outcomes (ultra-relativistic, mildly-relativistic…

We conduct three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations to explore the interaction of jets that a neutron star (NS) companion to a type Ic or type Ib core collapse supernova (CCSN) launches few hours after explosion with the ejecta of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-09-30 Muhammad Akashi , Noam Soker

Core-collapse supernovae (SNe) of Types Ib and Ic arise from hydrogen-stripped stars, while the latter are also stripped of their helium. Both SN types have a similar temporal evolution, suggesting broadly similar progenitors. However,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-08 E. Sobacchi , J. Granot , O. Bromberg

Neutron star mergers produce a substantial amount of fast-moving ejecta, expanding outwardly for years after the merger. The interaction of these ejecta with the surrounding medium may produce a weak isotropic radio remnant, detectable in…

In a supernova explosion, the ejecta interacting with the surrounding circumstellar medium (CSM) give rise to variety of radiation. Since CSM is created from the mass lost from the progenitor star, it carries footprints of the late time…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-01-24 Poonam Chandra