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Accurate state estimation of nonlinear dynamical systems is fundamental to modern aerospace operations across air, sea, and space domains. Online tracking of adversarial unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is especially challenging due to agile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Akhil Gupta , Erhan Guven

Given a stationary state-space model that relates a sequence of hidden states and corresponding measurements or observations, Bayesian filtering provides a principled statistical framework for inferring the posterior distribution of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-01 Michael C. Burkhart

Input estimation is a signal processing technique associated with deconvolution of measured signals after filtering through a known dynamic system. Kitanidis and others extended this to the simultaneous estimation of the input signal and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-24 Mohammad Ali Abooshahab , Mohammed M. J. Alyaseen , Robert R. Bitmead , Morten Hovd

Consider a space object in an orbit about the earth. An uncertain initial state can be represented as a point cloud which can be propagated to later times by the laws of Newtonian motion. If the state of the object is represented in…

Applications · Statistics 2019-09-25 John T. Kent , Shambo Bhattacharjee , Weston R. Faber , Islam I. Hussein

This paper describes a novel tracking filter, designed primarily for use in collision avoidance systems on autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs). The proposed methodology leverages real-time kinematic information broadcast via the Automatic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Blake Cole , Gabriel Schamberg

In this paper, we derive a new Kalman filter with probabilistic data association between measurements and states. We formulate a variational inference problem to approximate the posterior density of the state conditioned on the measurement…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Hanwen Cao , George J. Pappas , Nikolay Atanasov

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) has been the industry standard for state estimation problems over the past sixty years. The classical formulation of the EKF is posed for nonlinear systems defined on global Euclidean spaces. The design…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-09 Yixiao Ge , Pieter van Goor , Robert Mahony

Existing LiDAR-Inertial Odometry (LIO) systems typically use sensor-specific or environment-dependent measurement covariances during state estimation, leading to laborious parameter tuning and suboptimal performance in challenging…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Xupeng Xie , Ruoyu Geng , Jun Ma , Boyu Zhou

The problem of state tracking with active observation control is considered for a system modeled by a discrete-time, finite-state Markov chain observed through conditionally Gaussian measurement vectors. The measurement model statistics are…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-06-18 Daphney-Stavroula Zois , Marco Levorato , Urbashi Mitra

The Kalman filter computes the optimal variable-gain using prior knowledge of the initial state and random (process and measurement) noise distributions, which are assumed to be Gaussian with known variance. However, when these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-31 Hugh Lachlan Kennedy

Several variations of the Kalman filter algorithm, such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), are widely used in science and engineering applications. In this paper, we introduce two algorithms of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-11 Wei Kang , Liang Xu

This paper investigates the distributed Kalman filter (DKF) for linear systems, with specific attention on measurement fusion, which is a typical way of information sharing and is vital for enhancing stability and improving estimation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-14 Tuo Yang , Jiachen Qian , Zhisheng Duan , Zhiyong Sun

This paper develops a new filtering approach for state estimation in polynomial systems corrupted by arbitrary noise, which commonly arise in robotics. We first consider a batch setup where we perform state estimation using all data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Sangli Teng , Harry Zhang , David Jin , Ashkan Jasour , Maani Ghaffari , Luca Carlone

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a common state estimation method for discrete nonlinear systems. It recursively executes the propagation step as time goes by and the update step when a set of measurements arrives. In the update step,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-05 Jianzhu Huai , Xiang Gao

The Kalman filter combines forecasts and new observations to obtain an estimation which is optimal in the sense of a minimum average quadratic error. The Kalman filter has two main restrictions: (i) the dynamical system is assumed linear…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 D. Sornette , K. Ide

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in dynamic environments face telemetry outages, structural vibrations, and regime-dependent noise that invalidate the stationary covariance assumptions of classical Kalman filters. The Sage-Husa Kalman Filter (SHKF)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Kenan Majewski , Marcin Żugaj

The estimation of relative motion between spacecraft increasingly relies on feature-matching computer vision, which feeds data into a recursive filtering algorithm. Kalman filters, although efficient in noise compensation, demand extensive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Moritz D. Pinheiro-Torres Vogt , Markus Huwald , M. Khalil Ben-Larbi , Enrico Stoll

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a data assimilation technique that uses an ensemble of models, updated with data, to track the time evolution of a usually non-linear system. It does so by using an empirical approximation to the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-12 Elizabeth Hou , Earl Lawrence , Alfred O. Hero

This paper deals with the problem of state estimation for a class of linear time-invariant systems with quadratic output measurements. An immersion-type approach is presented that transforms the system into a state-affine system by adding a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-04 Dionysis Theodosis , Soulaimane Berkane , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

Multi-modal densities appear frequently in time series and practical applications. However, they cannot be represented by common state estimators, such as the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), which…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-01-03 Sanket Kamthe , Jan Peters , Marc P Deisenroth