English
Related papers

Related papers: Infinitely wide limits for deep Stable neural netw…

200 papers

In this paper we provide explicit upper bounds on some distances between the (law of the) output of a random Gaussian NN and (the law of) a random Gaussian vector. Our results concern both shallow random Gaussian neural networks with…

Stochastic gradients closely relate to both optimization and generalization of deep neural networks (DNNs). Some works attempted to explain the success of stochastic optimization for deep learning by the arguably heavy-tail properties of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Zeke Xie , Qian-Yuan Tang , Mingming Sun , Ping Li

Feed-forward neural networks (NN) are a staple machine learning method widely used in many areas of science and technology. While even a single-hidden layer NN is a universal approximator, its expressive power is limited by the use of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-28 Sergei Manzhos , Manabu Ihara

We establish central and non-central limit theorems for sequences of functionals of the Gaussian output of an infinitely-wide random neural network on the d-dimensional sphere . We show that the asymptotic behaviour of these functionals as…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Simmaco Di Lillo , Leonardo Maini , Domenico Marinucci

Activation functions critically influence trainability and expressivity, and recent work has therefore explored a broad range of nonlinearities. However, widely used Gaussian i.i.d. initializations are designed to preserve activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Hyunwoo Lee , Hayoung Choi , Hyunju Kim

Infinitely wide or deep neural networks (NNs) with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) parameters have been shown to be equivalent to Gaussian processes. Because of the favorable properties of Gaussian processes, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Steven Adams , Andrea Patanè , Morteza Lahijanian , Luca Laurenti

The Gaussian-radial-basis function neural network (GRBFNN) has been a popular choice for interpolation and classification. However, it is computationally intensive when the dimension of the input vector is high. To address this issue, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Siyuan Xing , Jianqiao Sun

Gaussian processes are the leading class of distributions on random functions, but they suffer from well known issues including difficulty scaling and inflexibility with respect to certain shape constraints (such as nonnegativity). Here we…

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for processing relational data in applications. However, GNNs suffer from the problem of oversmoothing, the property that the features of all nodes exponentially converge to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-22 Bastian Epping , Alexandre René , Moritz Helias , Michael T. Schaub

Modern deep learning models have achieved great success in predictive accuracy for many data modalities. However, their application to many real-world tasks is restricted by poor uncertainty estimates, such as overconfidence on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-16 Ben Adlam , Jaehoon Lee , Lechao Xiao , Jeffrey Pennington , Jasper Snoek

The criticality hypothesis posits that biological neural networks operate near a phase transition, yet within standard Gaussian mean-field theories this regime appears fragile and requires fine tuning. Here we show that heavy-tailed…

Biological Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Ryota Kojima

Large deviation behavior of the largest eigenvalue $\lambda_1$ of Gaussian networks (Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graphs $\mathcal{G}_{n,p}$ with i.i.d. Gaussian weights on the edges) has been the topic of considerable interest. Recently in…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-17 Shirshendu Ganguly , Kyeongsik Nam

Whilst deep neural networks have shown great empirical success, there is still much work to be done to understand their theoretical properties. In this paper, we study the relationship between random, wide, fully connected, feedforward…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-17 Alexander G. de G. Matthews , Mark Rowland , Jiri Hron , Richard E. Turner , Zoubin Ghahramani

When the parameters are independently and identically distributed (initialized) neural networks exhibit undesirable properties that emerge as the number of layers increases, e.g. a vanishing dependency on the input and a concentration on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-03 Stefano Peluchetti , Stefano Favaro

Traditional neural network regression models provide only point estimates, failing to capture predictive uncertainty. Probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) address this limitation by producing output distributions, enabling the construction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Farhad Pourkamali-Anaraki

We explore the link between deep ensembles and Gaussian processes (GPs) through the lens of the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK): a recent development in understanding the training dynamics of wide neural networks (NNs). Previous work has shown…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-27 Bobby He , Balaji Lakshminarayanan , Yee Whye Teh

Graph convolutional neural networks~(GCNs) have recently demonstrated promising results on graph-based semi-supervised classification, but little work has been done to explore their theoretical properties. Recently, several deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Jilin Hu , Jianbing Shen , Bin Yang , Ling Shao

Analyzing neural network dynamics via stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is crucial to building theoretical foundations for deep learning. Previous work has analyzed structured inputs within the \textit{hidden manifold model}, often under…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-01 Jaeyong Bae , Hawoong Jeong

In this paper we consider Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with a smooth activation function as surrogates for high-dimensional functions that are somewhat smooth but costly to evaluate. We consider the standard (non-periodic) DNNs as well as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Alexander Keller , Frances Y. Kuo , Dirk Nuyens , Ian H. Sloan

Given any deep fully connected neural network, initialized with random Gaussian parameters, we bound from above the quadratic Wasserstein distance between its output distribution and a suitable Gaussian process. Our explicit inequalities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Andrea Basteri , Dario Trevisan