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The multistep solving strategy consists in a divide-and-conquer approach: when a multivariate polynomial system is computationally infeasible to solve directly, one variable is assigned over the elements of the base finite field, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Roberto La Scala , Sharwan Kumar Tiwari

Split Learning (SL) is a distributed learning framework renowned for its privacy-preserving features and minimal computational requirements. Previous research consistently highlights the potential privacy breaches in SL systems by server…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xiaoyang Xu , Mengda Yang , Wenzhe Yi , Ziang Li , Juan Wang , Hongxin Hu , Yong Zhuang , Yaxin Liu

In this paper, we propose a class of robust stochastic subgradient methods for distributed learning from heterogeneous datasets at presence of an unknown number of Byzantine workers. The Byzantine workers, during the learning process, may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Liping Li , Wei Xu , Tianyi Chen , Georgios B. Giannakis , Qing Ling

Integer factorization is a fundamental problem in algorithmic number theory and computer science. It is considered as a one way or trapdoor function in the (RSA) cryptosystem. To date, from elementary trial division to sophisticated methods…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Gilda Rech Bansimba , Regis Freguin Babindamana

Large language models remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, yet we still lack a systematic understanding of how jailbreak success scales with attacker effort across methods, model families, and harm types. We initiate a scaling-law…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xiangwen Wang , Ananth Balashankar , Varun Chandrasekaran

In this paper we define a new type of continued fraction expansion for a real number $x \in I_m:=[0,m-1], m\in N_+, m\geq 2$: \[x = \frac{m^{-b_1(x)}}{\displaystyle 1+\frac{m^{-b_2(x)}}{1+\ddots}}:=[b_1(x), b_2(x), ...]_m. \] Then, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-10-22 Dan Lascu , Ion Coltescu

Adversarial robustness in structured data remains an underexplored frontier compared to vision and language domains. In this work, we introduce a novel black-box, decision-based adversarial attack tailored for tabular data. Our approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Roie Kazoom , Yuval Ratzabi , Etamar Rothstein , Ofer Hadar

Ineffective Fault Analysis (SIFA) was introduced as a new approach to attack block ciphers at CHES 2018. Since then, they have been proven to be a powerful class of attacks, with an easy to achieve fault model. One of the main benefits of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Michael Gruber , Matthias Probst , Michael Tempelmeier

In symmetric cryptanalysis, the model of superposition queries has led to surprising results, with many constructions being broken in polynomial time thanks to Simon's period-finding algorithm. But the practical implications of these…

By a classical result of Gauss and Kuzmin, the continued fraction expansion of a ``random'' real number contains each digit $a\in\mathbb{N}$ with asymptotic frequency $\log_2(1+1/(a(a+2)))$. We generalize this result in two directions:…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Alex Jin , Shreyas Singh , Zhuo Zhang , AJ Hildebrand

Harnessing quantum processes is an efficient method to generate truly indeterministic random numbers, which are of fundamental importance for cryptographic protocols, security applications or Monte-Carlo simulations. Recently, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-14 Johannes Thewes , Carolin Lüders , Marc Aßmann

We prove an explicit formula for infinitely many convergents of Hurwitzian continued fractions that repeat several copies of the same constant and elements of one arithmetic progression, in a quasi-periodic fashion. The proof involves…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-05-28 Gábor Hetyei

Rijndael was standardized in 2001 by National Institute of Standard and Technology as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). AES is still being used to encrypt financial, military and even government confidential data. In 2005, Bernstein…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-03-31 D. Jayasinghe , R. G. Ragel , D. Elkaduwe

Ethereum smart contracts are programs that are deployed and executed in a consensus-based blockchain managed by a peer-to-peer network. Several re-entrancy attacks that aim to steal Ether, the cryptocurrency used in Ethereum, stored in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Yuichiro Chinen , Naoto Yanai , Jason Paul Cruz , Shingo Okamura

Using Wilf-Zeilberger algorithmic proof theory, we continue pioneering work of Meni Rosenfeld (followed up by interesting work by Cyril Grunspan and Ricardo Perez-Marco) and study the probability and duration of successful bitcoin attacks,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-06 Evangelos Georgiadis , Doron Zeilberger

The Riemann zeta function at integer arguments can be written as an infinite sum of certain hypergeometric functions and more generally the same can be done with polylogarithms, for which several zeta functions are a special case. An…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-07-06 Stephen Crowley

Black-hole ringdown offers a clean probe of strong gravity, but one of its most accurate tools--Leaver's continued-fraction method--requires a three-term recurrence relation. Beyond general relativity, and more generally in non-Kerr…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-22 Georgios Karikos , Jayana A. Saes , Pratik Wagle , Nicolás Yunes

Diffie-Hellman key-agreement and RSA cryptosystem are widely used to provide security in internet protocols. But both of the two algorithms are totally breakable using Shor's algorithms. This paper proposes two connected matrix-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Abdelhaliem Babiker

Zaremba's conjecture concerns a formation of continued fraction expansions for rational numbers with partial quotient bounded by an absolute constant. We present asymptotic estimates for the size of $\epsilon$-thickening of certain fractal…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Jungwon Lee

The deep hashing based retrieval method is widely adopted in large-scale image and video retrieval. However, there is little investigation on its security. In this paper, we propose a novel method, dubbed deep hashing targeted attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Jiawang Bai , Bin Chen , Yiming Li , Dongxian Wu , Weiwei Guo , Shu-tao Xia , En-hui Yang
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