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The problem of guiding a flock of agents to a destination by the repulsion forces exerted by a smaller number of external agents is called the shepherding problem. This problem has attracted attention due to its potential applications,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Anna Fujioka , Masaki Ogura , Naoki Wakamiya

The shepherding problem refers to guiding a group of agents (called sheep) to a specific destination using an external agent with repulsive forces (called shepherd). Although various movement algorithms for the shepherd have been explored…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2023-06-22 Yaosheng Deng , Aiyi Li , Masaki Ogura , Naoki Wakamiya

Designing systems for autonomous transport of groups of living agents has received a lot of attention in recent years due to a wealth of important potential applications. Biomimetic approaches are often sought, and a range of herding…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-20 Daniel Strömbom , Julianna Hoitt , Cameron Cloud

Robotic shepherding problem considers the control and navigation of a group of coherent agents (e.g., a flock of bird or a fleet of drones) through the motion of an external robot, called shepherd. Machine learning based methods have…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Jixuan Zhi , Jyh-Ming Lien

We study the shepherding control problem where a group of "herders" need to orchestrate their collective behaviour in order to steer the dynamics of a group of "target" agents towards a desired goal. We relax the strong assumptions of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-22 Andrea Lama , Mario di Bernardo

The simultaneous control of multiple coordinated robotic agents represents an elaborate problem. If solved, however, the interaction between the agents can lead to solutions to sophisticated problems. The concept of swarming, inspired by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Nathan K Long , Karl Sammut , Daniel Sgarioto , Matthew Garratt , Hussein Abbass

In this paper, we consider the swarm-control problem of spatially separating a specified target agent within the swarm from all the other agents, while maintaining the connectivity among the other agents. We specifically aim to achieve the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-21 Yaosheng Deng , Masaki Ogura , Aiyi Li , Naoki Wakamiya

We apply genetic programming techniques to the `shepherding' problem, in which a group of one type of animal (sheep dogs) attempts to control the movements of a second group of animals (sheep) obeying flocking behavior. Our genetic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Joshua Brulé , Kevin Engel , Nick Fung , Isaac Julien

Swarm guidance addresses a challenging problem considering the navigation and control of a group of passive agents. To solve this problem, shepherding offers a bio-inspired technique of navigating such group of agents by using external…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-18 Aiyi Li , Masaki Ogura , Naoki Wakamiya

Robotic shepherding is a bio-inspired approach to autonomously guiding a swarm of agents towards a desired location. The research area has earned increasing research interest recently due to the efficacy of controlling a large number of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jing Liu , Hemant Singh , Saber Elsayed , Robert Hunjet , Hussein Abbass

We investigate how a shepherd should move to effectively herd a flock towards a target. Using an agent-based (ABM) and a coarse-grained (ODE) model for the flock, we pose and solve for the optimal strategy of a shepherd that must keep the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-09-25 Aditya Ranganathan , Dabao Guo , Alexander Heyde , Anupam Gupta , L. Mahadevan

Shepherding involves herding a swarm of agents (\emph{sheep}) by another a control agent (\emph{sheepdog}) towards a goal. Multiple approaches have been documented in the literature to model this behaviour. In this paper, we present a…

The study of flocking in biological systems has identified conditions for self-organized collective behavior, inspiring the development of decentralized strategies to coordinate the dynamics of swarms of drones and other autonomous…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-11-05 Arthur N. Montanari , Ana Elisa D. Barioni , Chao Duan , Adilson E. Motter

Swarm control is a difficult problem due to the need to guide a large number of agents simultaneously. We cast the problem as a shepherding problem, similar to biological dogs guiding a group of sheep towards a goal. The shepherd needs to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Alexander Gee , Hussein Abbass

In this study, we consider the guidance control problem of the sheepdog system, which involves the guidance of the flock using the characteristics of the sheepdog and sheep. Sheepdog systems require a strategy to guide sheep agents to a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Wataru Imahayashi , Yusuke Tsunoda , Masaki Ogura

The study of the movement of flocks, whether biological or technological is motivated by the desire to understand the capability of coherent motion of a large number of agents that only receive very limited information. In a biological…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-10-30 J. J. P. Veerman

Multi-agent shepherding represents a challenging distributed control problem where herder agents must coordinate to guide independently moving targets to desired spatial configurations. Most existing control strategies assume cohesive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Italo Napolitano , Stefano Covone , Andrea Lama , Francesco De Lellis , Mario di Bernardo

In this paper, we address the large-scale shepherding control problem using a continuification-based strategy. We consider a scenario in which a large group of follower agents (targets) must be confined within a designated goal region…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-08 Beniamino Di Lorenzo , Gian Carlo Maffettone , Mario di Bernardo

This paper presents a novel control strategy for multi-agent shepherding of non-cohesive targets in obstacle-rich environments. Unlike previous approaches that assume cohesive flocking behavior, our method handles targets that interact only…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Cinzia Tomaselli , Stefano Covone , Andreagiovanni Reina , Mario di Bernardo

Flocking behavior of multiple agents can be widely observed in nature such as schooling fish and flocking birds. Recent literature has proposed the possibility that flocking is possible even only a small fraction of agents are informed of…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-05-08 Jin Zhou , Wenwu Yu , Xiaoqun Wu , Michael Small , Jun-an Lu
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