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Deep learning had been used in program analysis for the prediction of hidden software defects using software defect datasets, security vulnerabilities using generative adversarial networks as well as identifying syntax errors by learning a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Venkatesh Theru Mohan , Ali Jannesari

Binary code similarity detection is a core task in reverse engineering. It supports malware analysis and vulnerability discovery by identifying semantically similar code in different contexts. Modern methods have progressed from manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Charles E. Gagnon , Steven H. H. Ding , Philippe Charland , Benjamin C. M. Fung

The recovery of types from stripped binaries is a key to exact decompilation, yet its practical realization suffers. For composite structures in particular, both layout and semantic fidelity are required to enable end-to-end reconstruction.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Lukas Seidel , Sam Thomas , Konrad Rieck

The binary executable format is the standard method for distributing and executing software. Yet, it is also as opaque a representation of software as can be. If the binary format were augmented with metadata that provides security-relevant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Daniel Engel , Freek Verbeek , Pranav Kumar , Binoy Ravindran

On-device deep learning models have extensive real world demands. Deep learning compilers efficiently compile models into executables for deployment on edge devices, but these executables may face the threat of reverse engineering. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yilin Li , Guozhu Meng , Mingyang Sun , Yanzhong Wang , Kun Sun , Hailong Chang , Yuekang Li

Due to their widespread use on heterogeneous hardware devices, deep learning (DL) models are compiled into executables by DL compilers to fully leverage low-level hardware primitives. This approach allows DL computations to be undertaken at…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Zhibo Liu , Yuanyuan Yuan , Shuai Wang , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma

Decompilation is foundational to binary analysis, yet conventional tools prioritize human readability over strict recompilability and verifiable runtime correctness. While recent LLM-based approaches attempt to refine decompiled pseudocode,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yuxin Cui , Zeyu Gao , Shuxian He , Siliang Qin , Chao Zhang

For statistical learning, categorical variables in a table are usually considered as discrete entities and encoded separately to feature vectors, e.g., with one-hot encoding. "Dirty" non-curated data gives rise to categorical variables with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Patricio Cerda , Gaël Varoquaux , Balázs Kégl

Vulnerabilities are challenging to locate and repair, especially when source code is unavailable and binary patching is required. Manual methods are time-consuming, require significant expertise, and do not scale to the rate at which new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Pemma Reiter , Hui Jun Tay , Westley Weimer , Adam Doupé , Ruoyu Wang , Stephanie Forrest

Accurate and robust disassembly of stripped binaries is challenging. The root of the difficulty is that high-level structures, such as instruction and function boundaries, are absent in stripped binaries and must be recovered based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Kexin Pei , Jonas Guan , David Williams-King , Junfeng Yang , Suman Jana

Identifying vulnerable code is a precautionary measure to counter software security breaches. Tedious expert effort has been spent to build static analyzers, yet insecure patterns are barely fully enumerated. This work explores a deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Yufan Zhuang , Sahil Suneja , Veronika Thost , Giacomo Domeniconi , Alessandro Morari , Jim Laredo

Decompilation converts machine code into human-readable form, enabling analysis and debugging without source code. However, fidelity issues often degrade the readability and semantic accuracy of decompiled output. Existing methods, such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zhiping Zhou , Xiaohong Li , Ruitao Feng , Yao Zhang , Yuekang Li , Wenbu Feng , Yunqian Wang , Yuqing Li

Decompiler is a specialized type of reverse engineering tool extensively employed in program analysis tasks, particularly in program comprehension and vulnerability detection. However, current Solidity smart contract decompilers face…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zeqin Liao , Yuhong Nan , Zixu Gao , Henglong Liang , Sicheng Hao , Peifan Reng , Zibin Zheng

Understanding binary code is an essential but complex software engineering task for reverse engineering, malware analysis, and compiler optimization. Unlike source code, binary code has limited semantic information, which makes it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yifan Zhang

We address the problem of reverse engineering of stripped executables, which contain no debug information. This is a challenging problem because of the low amount of syntactic information available in stripped executables, and the diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Yaniv David , Uri Alon , Eran Yahav

Image deep features extracted by pre-trained networks are known to contain rich and informative representations. In this paper, we present Deep Degradation Response (DDR), a method to quantify changes in image deep features under varying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Juncheng Wu , Zhangkai Ni , Hanli Wang , Wenhan Yang , Yuyin Zhou , Shiqi Wang

Decompilers are important tools for reverse engineers that help them analyze software at a higher level of abstraction than assembly code. Unfortunately, because compilation is lossy, deterministic decompilers produce code that is missing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Luke Dramko , Claire Le Goues , Edward J. Schwartz

Binary decompilation aims to recover binaries into high-level source code, but existing evaluations mainly rely on syntactic similarity or single-axis readability metrics, which fail to capture practical reusability. We propose a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Puzhuo Liu , Yuhan Huang , Jianlei Chi , Peng Di , Yu Jiang

In recent years, deep learning has shown performance breakthroughs in many applications, such as image detection, image segmentation, pose estimation, and speech recognition. However, this comes with a major concern: deep networks have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Felix Kreuk , Assi Barak , Shir Aviv-Reuven , Moran Baruch , Benny Pinkas , Joseph Keshet

In this paper, we explore a novel knowledge-transfer task, termed as Deep Model Reassembly (DeRy), for general-purpose model reuse. Given a collection of heterogeneous models pre-trained from distinct sources and with diverse architectures,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Xingyi Yang , Daquan Zhou , Songhua Liu , Jingwen Ye , Xinchao Wang