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Applying artificial intelligence to scientific problems (namely AI for science) is currently under hot debate. However, the scientific problems differ much from the conventional ones with images, texts, and etc., where new challenges…

In this work, we discuss the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as a tool to advantageously initialize Stokes profile inversions. To demonstrate the usefulness of CNNs, we concentrate in this paper on the inversion of LTE…

The objective of this research is to develop techniques for assimilating GOES-R Series observations in precipitating scenes for the purpose of improving short-term convective-scale forecasts of high impact weather hazards. Whereas one…

For economic and efficiency reasons, blended acquisition of seismic data is becoming more and more commonplace. Seismic deblending methods are always computationally demanding and normally consist of multiple processing steps. Besides, the…

Adapting to the changing climate requires accurate local climate information, a computationally challenging problem. Recent studies have used Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), a type of deep learning, to learn complex distributions…

We introduce an interpretable-by-design method, optimized model-analog, that integrates deep learning with model-analog forecasting which generates forecasts from similar initial climate states in a repository of model simulations. This…

Accurate and efficient global ocean state estimation remains a grand challenge for Earth system science, hindered by the dual bottlenecks of computational scalability and degraded data fidelity in traditional data assimilation (DA) and deep…

``Online" data assimilation (DA) is used to generate a new seasonal-resolution reanalysis dataset over the last millennium by combining forecasts from an ocean--atmosphere--sea-ice coupled linear inverse model with climate proxy records.…

Estimating background-error covariances remains a core challenge in variational data assimilation (DA). Operational systems typically approximate these covariances by transformations that separate geostrophically balanced components from…

Climate change and sea-level rise (SLR) pose escalating threats to coastal cities, intensifying the need for efficient and accurate methods to predict potential flood hazards. Traditional physics-based hydrodynamic simulators, although…

The impacts of climate change are felt by most critical systems, such as infrastructure, ecological systems, and power-plants. However, contemporary Earth System Models (ESM) are run at spatial resolutions too coarse for assessing effects…

Advances in data assimilation (DA) methods have greatly improved the accuracy of Earth system predictions. To fuse multi-source data and reconstruct the nonlinear evolution missing from observations, geoscientists are developing…

Data assimilation (DA) enables hydrologic models to update their internal states using near-real-time observations for more accurate forecasts. With deep neural networks like long short-term memory (LSTM), using either lagged observations…

In this paper, we present a novel method for dynamically expanding Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) during training, aimed at meeting the increasing demand for efficient and sustainable deep learning models. Our approach, drawing from…

Processing marine seismic data is computationally demanding and consists of multiple time-consuming steps. Neural network based processing can, in theory, significantly reduce processing time and has the potential to change the way seismic…

Traditional geological mapping, based on field observations and rock sample analysis, is inefficient for continuous spatial mapping of features like alteration zones. Deep learning models, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have…

Data assimilation involves estimating the state of a system by combining observations from various sources with a background estimate of the state. The weights given to the observations and background state depend on their specified error…

Two distinct features of anthropogenic climate change, warming in the tropical upper troposphere and warming at the Arctic surface, have competing effects on the mid-latitude jet stream's latitudinal position, often referred to as a…

Deploying deep learning on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data is becoming more common for mapping purposes. One such case is sea ice, which is highly dynamic and rapidly changes as a result of the combined effect of wind, temperature, and…

Climate change affects ocean temperature, salinity and sea level, impacting monsoons and ocean productivity. Future projections by Global Climate Models based on shared socioeconomic pathways from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project…