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Robustness is a correctness notion for concurrent programs running under relaxed consistency models. The task is to check that the relaxed behavior coincides (up to traces) with sequential consistency (SC). Although computationally simple…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Egor Derevenetc , Roland Meyer , Sebastian Schweizer

The semantics of HPC storage systems are defined by the consistency models to which they abide. Storage consistency models have been less studied than their counterparts in memory systems, with the exception of the POSIX standard and its…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Chen Wang , Kathryn Mohror , Marc Snir

The C/C++ memory model provides an interface and execution model for programmers of concurrent (shared-variable) code. It provides a range of mechanisms that abstract from underlying hardware memory models -- that govern how multicore…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Robert J. Colvin

The problem of verifying multi-threaded execution against the memory consistency model of a processor is known to be an NP hard problem. However polynomial time algorithms exist that detect almost all failures in such execution. These are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Amitabha Roy , Stephan Zeisset , Charles J. Fleckenstein , John C. Huang

We investigate the problem of runtime analysis of C11 programs under Multi-Copy-Atomic semantics (MCA). Under MCA, one can analyze program outcomes solely through interleaving and reordering of thread events. As a result, obtaining…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Sanjana Singh , Divyanjali Sharma , Subodh Sharma

We study consistency of learning algorithms for a multi-class performance metric that is a non-decomposable function of the confusion matrix of a classifier and cannot be expressed as a sum of losses on individual data points; examples of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-01-05 Harish G. Ramaswamy , Harikrishna Narasimhan , Shivani Agarwal

We present consistent algorithms for multiclass learning with complex performance metrics and constraints, where the objective and constraints are defined by arbitrary functions of the confusion matrix. This setting includes many common…

A central problem in cognitive science and behavioural neuroscience as well as in machine learning and artificial intelligence research is to ascertain whether two or more decision makers (be they brains or algorithms) use the same…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Robert Geirhos , Kristof Meding , Felix A. Wichmann

In this paper, we study the possibility of designing non-trivial random CSP models by exploiting the intrinsic connection between structures and typical-case hardness. We show that constraint consistency, a notion that has been developed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-10-12 J. Culberson , Y. Gao

Memory consistency models (MCMs) which govern inter-module interactions in a shared memory system, are a significant, yet often under-appreciated, aspect of system design. MCMs are defined at the various layers of the hardware-software…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-02-09 Caroline Trippel , Yatin A. Manerkar , Daniel Lustig , Michael Pellauer , Margaret Martonosi

Parallel programmers face the often irreconcilable goals of programmability and performance. HPC systems use distributed memory for scalability, thereby sacrificing the programmability advantages of shared memory programming models.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-01-21 Bharath Ramesh , Calvin J. Ribbens , Srinidhi Varadarajan

Despite the conceptual simplicity of sequential consistency (SC), the semantics of SC atomic operations and fences in the C11 and OpenCL memory models is subtle, leading to convoluted prose descriptions that translate to complex axiomatic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Mark Batty , Alastair F. Donaldson , John Wickerson

Memory consistency model (MCM) issues in out-of-order-issue microprocessor-based shared-memory systems are notoriously non-intuitive and a source of hardware design bugs. Prior hardware verification work is limited to in-order-issue…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Gokulan Ravi , Xiaokang Qiu , Mithuna Thottethodi , T. N. Vijaykumar

Memory persistency models provide a foundation for persistent programming by specifying which (and when) writes to non-volatile memory (NVM) become persistent. Memory persistency models for the Intel-x86 and Arm architectures have been…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Vasileios Klimis , Alastair F. Donaldson , Viktor Vafeiadis , John Wickerson , Azalea Raad

Multi-objective preference alignment in language models often encounters a challenging trade-off: optimizing for one human preference (e.g., helpfulness) frequently compromises others (e.g., harmlessness) due to the inherent conflicts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Zhihao Xu , Yongqi Tong , Xin Zhang , Jun Zhou , Xiting Wang

The memory consistency model is a fundamental system property characterizing a multiprocessor. The relative merits of strict versus relaxed memory models have been widely debated in terms of their impact on performance, hardware complexity…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2011-04-07 Alexander Jaffe , Thomas Moscibroda , Laura Effinger-Dean , Luis Ceze , Karin Strauss

Compute-in-memory (CiM) architectures promise significant improvements in energy efficiency and throughput for deep neural network acceleration by alleviating the von Neumann bottleneck. However, their reliance on emerging non-volatile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yifan Qin , Jiahao Zheng , Zheyu Yan , Wujie Wen , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Yiyu Shi

Memory consistency models define the order in which accesses to shared memory in a concurrent system may be observed to occur. Such models are a necessity since program order is not a reliable indicator of execution order, due to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Roger C. Su , Robert J. Colvin

Programs written in C/C++ often include inline assembly: a snippet of architecture-specific assembly code used to access low-level functionalities that are impossible or expensive to simulate in the source language. Although inline assembly…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Paulo Emílio de Vilhena , Ori Lahav , Viktor Vafeiadis , Azalea Raad

Large language models (LLMs) can generate programs that pass unit tests, but passing tests does not guarantee reliable runtime behavior. We find that different correct solutions to the same task can show very different memory and…