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``Quasi-periodic eruptions'' (QPE) are recurrent nuclear transients with periods of several hours to almost a day, which thus far have been detected exclusively in the X-ray band. We have shown that many of the key properties of QPE flares…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-29 Itai Linial , Brian D. Metzger

Roughly half of the quasi-periodic eruption (QPE) sources in galactic nuclei exhibit a remarkably regular alternating "long-short'' pattern of recurrence times between consecutive flares. We show that a main-sequence star (brought into the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-06 Itai Linial , Brian D. Metzger

We investigate the origins of quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) in galactic nuclei using global three-dimensional meshless finite-mass (MFM) simulations. By modeling stellar and black-hole impactors traversing accretion disks under various…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-03 Kun Liu , Shang-Fei Liu , Zhen Pan , Hongping Deng , Rongfeng Shen , Cong Yu

We propose that the recently observed quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) in galactic nuclei are produced by unstable mass transfer due to Roche lobe overflow of a low-mass main-sequence star in a mildly eccentric (e ~ 0.5) orbit. We argue that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-12 Wenbin Lu , Eliot Quataert

X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are discovered recently in active galaxies with unknown driven mechanism. Under the assumption that QPEs are caused by star-disc collisions, we adopt full relativistic method and show that both the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-25 Jingtao Xian , Fupeng Zhang , Liming Dou , Jiasheng He , Xinwen Shu

Context: Some apparently quiescent supermassive black holes (BHs) at centers of galaxies show quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) in the X-ray band, the nature of which is still unknown. A possible origin for the eruptions is an accretion disk,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-27 Anna Chashkina , Omer Bromberg , Amir Levinson , Ehud Nakar

Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are X-ray transients characterized by nearly regular recurring flares from galactic nuclei. Recent observations have confirmed that some QPEs occur in galactic centers that experienced a tidal disruption…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-09 Tomoya Suzuguchi , Tatsuya Matsumoto

Quasi-periodic eruption (QPE) sources in galactic nuclei are often associated with a stellar object orbiting a supermassive black hole with hours-days period, brought in as an extreme mass-ratio inspiral (EMRI). In the presence of an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-30 Itai Linial , Brian D. Metzger , Eliot Quataert

Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs), which are a new kind of X-ray bursts with a recurrence time of several hours, have been detected from supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei. Recently, the two QPEs discovered by the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-05-04 Z. Y. Zhao , Y. Y. Wang , Y. C. Zou , F. Y. Wang , Z. G. Dai

Stellar-mass black holes (BHs) are predicted to be embedded in the disks of active galactic nuclei (AGN) due to gravitational drag and in-situ star formation. However, clear evidence for AGN disk-embedded BHs is currently lacking. Here, as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-29 Hiromichi Tagawa , Shigeo S. Kimura , Zoltán Haiman , Rosalba Perna , Imre Bartos

Quasi-periodic X-ray eruptions (QPEs) are a recently discovered phenomenon, the nature of which remains unclear. Based on their discovery in active galactic nuclei (AGN), explanations related to an AGN accretion disk, or potentially stellar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-14 T. Wevers , D. R. Pasham , P. Jalan , S. Rakshit , R. Arcodia

We present a model that explains some extreme variability phenomena observed in active galactic nuclei (AGN). In this model, an orbiting companion interacts with the accretion disk surrounding the central supermassive black hole (SMBH).…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-26 Sierra A. Dodd , Xiaoshan Huang , Shane W. Davis , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

Accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) can exhibit variable emission across the electromagnetic spectrum and over a broad range of timescales. The variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the ultraviolet and optical is usually at…

Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are recently discovered transients of unknown nature occurring near supermassive black holes, which feature bright X-ray bursts separated by hours to days. A promising model for QPEs is the star-disc…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-04 Taj Jankovič , Clément Bonnerot , Sergey Karpov , Aleksej Jurca

I consider the current sample of galaxy nuclei producing quasiperiodic eruptions (QPEs). If the quasiperiod results from the orbital motion of a star around the central black hole, the dearth of associated black hole masses $\gtrsim…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-16 Andrew King

Quasi-Periodic Erupters (QPEs) are a remarkable class of objects exhibiting very large amplitude quasi-periodic X-ray flares. Although numerous dynamical models have been proposed to explain them, relatively little attention has been given…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-21 Julian H. Krolik , Itai Linial

As active galactic nuclei (AGN) `turn on', some stars end up embedded in accretion disks around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) on retrograde orbits. Such stars experience strong headwinds, aerodynamic drag, ablation and orbital evolution…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-05-25 B. McKernan , K. E. S. Ford , M. Cantiello , M. J. Graham , A. S. Jermyn , N. W. C. Leigh , T. Ryu , D. Stern

Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are a recently discovered class of highly variable X-ray bursts originating in galactic nuclei. These high-amplitude bursts exhibit periodicity ranging from tens of minutes to several days. QPEs are also…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-22 Martin Mondek , Michal Zajaček , Henry Best , Taj Jankovič , Vladimír Karas , Petr Kurfürst

Quasi-Periodic Eruptions (QPEs) are extreme high-amplitude bursts of X-ray radiation recurring every few hours and originating near the central supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei. It is currently unknown what triggers these events,…

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