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In-context learning enables transformer models to generalize to new tasks based solely on input prompts, without any need for weight updates. However, existing training paradigms typically rely on large, unstructured datasets that are…

Designing learning systems which are invariant to certain data transformations is critical in machine learning. Practitioners can typically enforce a desired invariance on the trained model through the choice of a network architecture, e.g.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Cédric Rommel , Thomas Moreau , Alexandre Gramfort

Designing reward functions that generalize beyond controlled laboratory settings remains a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning for robotics. In open-world manipulation problems, a single task can appear in numerous variants…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tengye Xu , Yangting Sun , Ziju Shen , Guanqi Chen , Zhen Fu , Chen yizhou , Hua Chen , Jia Pan

Reasoning from diverse observations is a fundamental capability for generalist robot policies to operate in a wide range of environments. Despite recent advancements, many large-scale robotic policies still remain sensitive to key sources…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Jonathan Yang , Chelsea Finn , Dorsa Sadigh

Developing and deploying machine learning models safely depends on the ability to characterize and compare their abilities to generalize to new environments. Although recent work has proposed a variety of methods that can directly predict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Nathan Ng , Neha Hulkund , Kyunghyun Cho , Marzyeh Ghassemi

Distribution shift presents a significant challenge in machine learning, where models often underperform during the test stage when faced with a different distribution than the one they were trained on. This paper focuses on domain shifts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Huaxiu Yao , Xinyu Yang , Xinyi Pan , Shengchao Liu , Pang Wei Koh , Chelsea Finn

Learning Invariant Representations has been successfully applied for reconciling a source and a target domain for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation. By investigating the robustness of such methods under the prism of the cluster assumption, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Yassine Ouali , Victor Bouvier , Myriam Tami , Céline Hudelot

A significant obstacle in the development of robust machine learning models is covariate shift, a form of distribution shift that occurs when the input distributions of the training and test sets differ while the conditional label…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-17 Nilesh Tripuraneni , Ben Adlam , Jeffrey Pennington

Out-of-distribution generalization is one of the key challenges when transferring a model from the lab to the real world. Existing efforts mostly focus on building invariant features among source and target domains. Based on invariant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Guojun Zhang , Han Zhao , Yaoliang Yu , Pascal Poupart

Images seen during test time are often not from the same distribution as images used for learning. This problem, known as domain shift, occurs when training classifiers from object-centric internet image databases and trying to apply them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-08-21 Erik Rodner , Judy Hoffman , Jeff Donahue , Trevor Darrell , Kate Saenko

In this chapter we provide a theoretically founded investigation of state-of-the-art learning approaches for inverse problems from the point of view of spectral reconstruction operators. We give an extended definition of regularization…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-05 Martin Burger , Samira Kabri

Deep neural networks often suffer performance drops when test data distribution differs from training data. Domain Generalization (DG) aims to address this by focusing on domain-invariant features or augmenting data for greater diversity.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Nam Duong Tran , Nam Nguyen Phuong , Hieu H. Pham , Phi Le Nguyen , My T. Thai

Graph transformation that predicts graph transition from one mode to another is an important and common problem. Despite much progress in developing advanced graph transformation techniques in recent years, the fundamental assumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Shiyu Wang , Guangji Bai , Qingyang Zhu , Zhaohui Qin , Liang Zhao

Perceptual learning enables humans to recognize and represent stimuli invariant to various transformations and build a consistent representation of the self and physical world. Such representations preserve the invariant physical relations…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Du Xiaorui , Yavuzhan Erdem , Immanuel Schweizer , Cristian Axenie

Learning robust vision models that perform well in out-of-distribution (OOD) situations is an important task for model deployment in real-world settings. Despite extensive research in this field, many proposed methods have only shown minor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Gyuseong Lee , Wooseok Jang , Jinhyeon Kim , Jaewoo Jung , Seungryong Kim

Humans have the ability to accumulate knowledge of new tasks in varying conditions, but deep neural networks often suffer from catastrophic forgetting of previously learned knowledge after learning a new task. Many recent methods focus on…

Recently, we have witnessed great progress in the field of medical imaging classification by adopting deep neural networks. However, the recent advanced models still require accessing sufficiently large and representative datasets for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Haoliang Li , YuFei Wang , Renjie Wan , Shiqi Wang , Tie-Qiang Li , Alex C. Kot

It is often said that a deep learning model is "invariant" to some specific type of transformation. However, what is meant by this statement strongly depends on the context in which it is made. In this paper we explore the nature of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Henry Kvinge , Tegan H. Emerson , Grayson Jorgenson , Scott Vasquez , Timothy Doster , Jesse D. Lew

Facial Expression Recognition is a commercially-important application, but one under-appreciated limitation is that such applications require making predictions on out-of-sample distributions, where target images have different properties…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Varsha Suresh , Gerard Yeo , Desmond C. Ong

Data modification, either via additional training datasets, data augmentation, debiasing, and dataset filtering, has been proposed as an effective solution for generalizing to out-of-domain (OOD) inputs, in both natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Tejas Gokhale , Swaroop Mishra , Man Luo , Bhavdeep Singh Sachdeva , Chitta Baral