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Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) plays an indispensable role in demystifying the decision-making processes of AI, especially within the healthcare industry. Clinicians rely heavily on detailed reasoning when making a diagnosis,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Anna Stubbin , Thompson Chyrikov , Jim Zhao , Christina Chajo

EXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a vibrant research topic in the artificial intelligence community, with growing interest across methods and domains. Much has been written about the subject, yet XAI still lacks shared…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Matteo Rizzo , Alberto Veneri , Andrea Albarelli , Claudio Lucchese , Marco Nobile , Cristina Conati

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is essential for enabling clinical users to get informed decision support from AI and comply with evidence-based medical practice. Applying XAI in clinical settings requires proper evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Weina Jin , Xiaoxiao Li , Mostafa Fatehi , Ghassan Hamarneh

Explainable AI (XAI) methods provide explanations of AI models, but our understanding of how they compare with human explanations remains limited. In image classification, we found that humans adopted more explorative attention strategies…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Ruoxi Qi , Yueyuan Zheng , Yi Yang , Caleb Chen Cao , Janet H. Hsiao

The lack of transparency and explainability hinders the clinical adoption of Machine learning (ML) algorithms. While explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods have been proposed, little research has focused on the agreement between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Aida Brankovic , Wenjie Huang , David Cook , Sankalp Khanna , Konstanty Bialkowski

In recent years, the impact of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in society has been absolutely remarkable. This impact is expected to continue in the foreseeable future. However,the adoption of AI/ML is also a cause of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Joao Marques-Silva

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to improve user understanding and decisions when using AI models. However, despite innovations in XAI, recent user evaluations reveal that this goal remains elusive. Understanding human cognition can help explain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Louth Bin Rawshan , Zhuoyu Wang , Brian Y. Lim

As AI systems are increasingly deployed to support decision-making in critical domains, explainability has become a means to enhance the understandability of these outputs and enable users to make more informed and conscious choices.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Maria J. P. Peixoto , Akriti Pandey , Ahsan Zaman , Peter R. Lewis

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is motivated by the problem of making AI predictions understandable, transparent, and responsible, as AI becomes increasingly impactful in society and high-stakes domains. The evaluation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Weina Jin , Xiaoxiao Li , Ghassan Hamarneh

The demand for Explainable AI (XAI) has triggered an explosion of methods, producing a landscape so fragmented that we now rely on surveys of surveys. Yet, fundamental challenges persist: conflicting metrics, failed sanity checks, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Amir-Hossein Karimi

XAI refers to the techniques and methods for building AI applications which assist end users to interpret output and predictions of AI models. Black box AI applications in high-stakes decision-making situations, such as medical domain have…

Explainable AI (XAI) is widely viewed as a sine qua non for ever-expanding AI research. A better understanding of the needs of XAI users, as well as human-centered evaluations of explainable models are both a necessity and a challenge. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yao Rong , Tobias Leemann , Thai-trang Nguyen , Lisa Fiedler , Peizhu Qian , Vaibhav Unhelkar , Tina Seidel , Gjergji Kasneci , Enkelejda Kasneci

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been clearly established as a technology with the potential to revolutionize fields from healthcare to finance - if developed and deployed responsibly. This is the topic of responsible AI, which emphasizes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Stephanie Baker , Wei Xiang

Smart home systems are gaining popularity as homeowners strive to enhance their living and working environments while minimizing energy consumption. However, the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled decision-making models in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Md Shajalal , Alexander Boden , Gunnar Stevens , Delong Du , Dean-Robin Kern

Black-box nature of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models do not allow users to comprehend and sometimes trust the output created by such model. In AI applications, where not only the results but also the decision paths to the results are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ibrahim Kok , Feyza Yildirim Okay , Ozgecan Muyanli , Suat Ozdemir

As the field of healthcare increasingly adopts artificial intelligence, it becomes important to understand which types of explanations increase transparency and empower users to develop confidence and trust in the predictions made by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Felix Liedeker , Olivia Sanchez-Graillet , Moana Seidler , Christian Brandt , Jörg Wellmer , Philipp Cimiano

While artificial intelligence (AI) has made many successful applications in various domains, its adoption in healthcare lags a little bit behind other high-stakes settings. Several factors contribute to this slower uptake, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Soheyla Amirian , Luke A. Carlson , Matthew F. Gong , Ines Lohse , Kurt R. Weiss , Johannes F. Plate , Ahmad P. Tafti

The adoption of intelligent systems creates opportunities as well as challenges for medical work. On the positive side, intelligent systems have the potential to compute complex data from patients and generate automated diagnosis…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Yao Xie , Ge Gao , Xiang 'Anthony' Chen

As the manufacturing industry advances with sensor integration and automation, the opaque nature of deep learning models in machine learning poses a significant challenge for fault detection and diagnosis. And despite the related predictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ahmed Maged , Salah Haridy , Herman Shen

With an increase in deep learning-based methods, the call for explainability of such methods grows, especially in high-stakes decision making areas such as medical image analysis. This survey presents an overview of eXplainable Artificial…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-06 Bas H. M. van der Velden , Hugo J. Kuijf , Kenneth G. A. Gilhuijs , Max A. Viergever