Related papers: Magic numbers in periodic sequences
Do scientific theories limit human knowledge? In other words, are there physical variables hidden by essence forever? We argue for negative answers and illustrate our point on chaotic classical dynamical systems. We emphasize parallels with…
Using a genealogically ordered infinite regular language, we know how to represent an interval of R. Numbers having an ultimately periodic representation play a special role in classical numeration systems. The aim of this paper is to…
Using a novel rewriting problem, we show that several natural decision problems about finite automata are undecidable (i.e., recursively unsolvable). In contrast, we also prove three related problems are decidable. We apply one result to…
The notion of a k-automatic set of integers is well-studied. We develop a new notion - the k-automatic set of rational numbers - and prove basic properties of these sets, including closure properties and decidability.
We show that various aspects of k-automatic sequences -- such as having an unbordered factor of length n -- are both decidable and effectively enumerable. As a consequence it follows that many related sequences are either k-automatic or…
A magic labelling of a set system is a labelling of its points by distinct positive integers so that every set of the system has the same sum, the magic sum. Examples are magic squares (the sets are the rows, columns, and diagonals) and…
We define a magic square to be a square matrix whose entries are nonnegative integers and whose rows, columns, and main diagonals sum up to the same number. We prove structural results for the number of such squares as a function of the…
A magic value in a program is a constant symbol that is essential for the execution of the program but has no clear explanation for its choice. Learning programs with magic values is difficult for existing program synthesis approaches. To…
In the classic problem of sequence prediction, a predictor receives a sequence of values from an emitter and tries to guess the next value before it appears. The predictor masters the emitter if there is a point after which all of the…
The usefulness of parameterized algorithmics has often depended on what Niedermeier has called, "the art of problem parameterization". In this paper we introduce and explore a novel but general form of parameterization: the number of…
A \emph{magic square} is an $n \times n$ array of distinct positive integers whose sum along any row, column, or main diagonal is the same number. We compute the number of such squares for $n=4$, as a function of either the magic sum or an…
In recreational mathematics, a normal magic square is an $n \times n$ square matrix whose entries are distinctly the integers $1 \ldots n^2$, such that each row, column, and major and minor traces sum to one constant $\mu$. It has been…
We address the following decision problem. Given a numeration system $U$ and a $U$-recognizable set $X\subseteq\mathbb{N}$, i.e. the set of its greedy $U$-representations is recognized by a finite automaton, decide whether or not $X$ is…
D-finite functions and P-recursive sequences are defined in terms of linear differential and recurrence equations with polynomial coefficients. In this paper, we introduce a class of numbers closely related to D-finite functions and…
Magic-square constraints define Diophantine systems whose solutions, in several natural families, exhibit rigid periodic structure. We study this structure in an oracle setting, where a marked set of integers is given by black-box access…
Selective inference is a recent research topic that tries to perform valid inference after using the data to select a reasonable statistical model. We propose MAGIC, a new method for selective inference that is general, powerful and…
This paper introduces and investigates decision problems for numberless probabilistic automata, i.e. probabilistic automata where the support of each probabilistic transitions is specified, but the exact values of the probabilities are not.…
In this work we present a model for computation of random processes in digital computers which solves the problem of periodic sequences and hidden errors produced by correlations. We show that systems with non-invertible non-linearities can…
Logarithmic gaps have been used in order to find a periodic component of the sequence of prime numbers, hidden by a random noise (stochastic or chaotic). The recovered period for the sequence of the first 10000 prime numbers is equal to…
A $d$-limited automaton is a Turing machine that may rewrite each input cell at most~$d$ times. Hibbard (1967) showed that for every $d \geq 2$ such automata recognize all context-free languages and that deterministic $d$-limited automata…