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With the Marchenko method, Green's functions in the subsurface can be retrieved from seismic reflection data at the surface. State-of-the-art Marchenko methods work well for propagating waves but break down for evanescent waves. This paper…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-09-22 Kees Wapenaar

With the Marchenko method it is possible to retrieve the wave field inside a medium from its reflection response at the surface. To date, this method has predominantly been applied to naturally occurring materials. In this paper we extend…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Kees Wapenaar

Marchenko focusing functions are in their essence wavefields that satisfy the wave equation subject to a set of boundary, initial, and focusing conditions. Here, we show how Marchenko focusing functions can be modeled by finding the…

Marchenko algorithms retrieve the wavefields excited by virtual sources in the subsurface, these are the Green's functions consisting of the primary and multiple reflected waves. The requirements for these algorithms are the same as for…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-01-27 Mert Sinan Recep Kiraz , Roel Snieder , Kees Wapenaar

Marchenko redatuming is a novel scheme used to retrieve up- and down-going Green's functions in an unknown medium. Marchenko equations are based on reciprocity theorems and are derived on the assumption of the existence of functions…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-09-12 Giovanni Angelo Meles , Kees Wapenaar , Jan Thorbecke

The Marchenko method is a powerful tool for reconstructing full-wavefield Green's functions using surface-recorded seismic data. These Green's functions can then be utilized to produce subsurface images that are not affected by artifacts…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-09-23 Ning Wang , Tariq Alkhalifah

Marchenko methods are based on integral representations which express Green's functions for virtual sources and/or receivers in the subsurface in terms of the reflection response at the surface. An underlying assumption is that inside the…

Geophysics · Physics 2021-06-22 Kees Wapenaar , Roel Snieder , Sjoerd de Ridder , Evert Slob

The Marchenko method retrieves the responses to virtual sources in the Earth's subsurface from reflection data at the surface, accounting for all orders of multiple reflections. The method is based on two integral representations for…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 Johno van IJsseldijk , Kees Wapenaar

The Marchenko method retrieves the responses to virtual sources in the subsurface, accounting for all orders of multiples. The method is based on two integral representations for focusing and Green's functions. In discretized form these…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-03-25 Johno van IJsseldijk , Kees Wapenaar

A Green's function in an acoustic medium can be retrieved from reflection data by solving a multidimensional Marchenko equation. This procedure requires a-priori knowledge of the initial focusing function, which can be interpreted as the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Joost van der Neut , Joeri Brackenhoff , Giovanni Meles , Lele Zhang , Evert Slob , Kees Wapenaar

Acoustic imaging methods often ignore multiple scattering. This leads to false images in cases where multiple scattering is strong.Marchenko imaging has recently been introduced as a data-driven way to deal with internal multiple…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-06-09 Kees Wapenaar , Christian Reinicke

The propagator matrix "propagates" a full wave field from one depth level to another, accounting for all propagation angles and evanescent waves. The Marchenko focusing function forms the nucleus of data-driven Marchenko redatuming and…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-01-11 Kees Wapenaar , Sjoerd de Ridder

The data-driven Marchenko method is able to redatum wavefields to arbitrary locations in the subsurface, and can, therefore, be used to isolate zones of specific interest. This creates a new reflection response of the target zone without…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-12-27 Johno van IJsseldijk , Joeri Brackenhoff , Jan Thorbecke , Kees Wapenaar

Many seismic imaging methods use wave field extrapolation operators to redatum sources and receivers from the surface into the subsurface. We discuss wave field extrapolation operators that account for internal multiple reflections, in…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-08-07 Kees Wapenaar , Marcin Dukalski , Christian Reinicke , Roel Snieder

In seismic monitoring, one is usually interested in the response of a changing target zone, embedded in a static inhomogeneous medium. We introduce an efficient method which predicts reflection responses at the earth's surface for different…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-06-09 Kees Wapenaar , Myrna Staring

The Hessian matrix plays an important role in correct interpretation of the multiple scattered wave fields inside the FWI frame work. Due to the high computational costs, the computation of the Hessian matrix is not feasible. Consequently,…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-04-21 S. M. Aydin Shoja , Giovanni A. Meles , Kees Wapenaar

We implement the 3D Marchenko equations to retrieve responses to virtual sources inside the subsurface. For this, we require reflection data at the surface of the Earth that contain no free-surface multiples and are densely sampled in…

To enhance monitoring of the subsurface, virtual sources and receivers inside the subsurface can be created from seismic reflection data at the surface of the Earth using the Marchenko method. The response between these virtual sources and…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-09-21 Joeri Brackenhoff , Jan Thorbecke , Kees Wapenaar

Lenses that can collect the perfect image of an object must restore propagative and evanescent waves. However, for efficient information transfer, e.g., in compressed sensing, it is often desirable to detect only the fast spatial variations…

Optics · Physics 2016-02-01 Miguel Molerón , Chiara Daraio

We aim to monitor and characterize signals in the subsurface by combining these passive signals with recorded reflection data at the surface of the Earth. To achieve this, we propose a method to create virtual receivers from reflection data…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-08-15 Joeri Brackenhoff , Jan Thorbecke , Kees Wapenaar
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