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The primary goal of reinforcement learning is to develop decision-making policies that prioritize optimal performance, frequently without considering safety. In contrast, safe reinforcement learning seeks to reduce or avoid unsafe behavior.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zahra Shahrooei , Ali Baheri

Conventional deep learning prioritizes unconstrained optimization, yet biological systems operate under strict metabolic constraints. We propose that these physical constraints shape dynamics to function not as limitations, but as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Xia Chen

Biological and engineered systems operate by coupling function to the transfer of heat and/or particles down a thermal or chemical gradient. In idealized \textit{deterministically} driven systems, thermodynamic control can be exerted…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-01-06 Benjamin B. Machta

Discovering governing equations from data is crucial for understanding complex systems in many diverse fields from science to engineering. Yet, there still is a lack of versatile computational toolbox to deal with this long standing…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-15 Chengzuo Zhuge , Zheng Jiang , Zhefan Xu , Wei Chen

Metastability in open system dynamics describes the phenomena of initial relaxation to longlived metastable states before decaying to the asymptotic stable states. It has been predicted in continuous-time stochastic dynamics of both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Yuan-De Jin , Chu-Dan Qiu , Wen-Long Ma

Accurately predicting the dynamics of robotic systems is crucial for model-based control and reinforcement learning. The most common way to estimate dynamics is by fitting a one-step ahead prediction model and using it to recursively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Nathan O. Lambert , Albert Wilcox , Howard Zhang , Kristofer S. J. Pister , Roberto Calandra

This article reviews recent inverse statistical-mechanical methodologies that we have devised to optimize interaction potentials in soft matter systems that correspond to stable "target" structures. We are interested in finding the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-11-05 Salvatore Torquato

Recent years have witnessed a significant trend towards filling the gap between Social Network Analysis (SNA) and control theory. This trend was enabled by the introduction of new mathematical models describing dynamics of social groups,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Anton Proskurnikov , Roberto Tempo

A fundamental concept in control theory is that of controllability, where any system state can be reached through an appropriate choice of control inputs. Indeed, a large body of classical and modern approaches are designed for controllable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-13 Yonathan Efroni , Sham Kakade , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Cyril Zhang

Time-inconsistency is a characteristic of human behavior in which people plan for long-term benefits but take actions that differ from the plan due to conflicts with short-term benefits. Such time-inconsistent behavior is believed to be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Yasunori Akagi , Naoki Marumo , Takeshi Kurashima

Ecological and evolutionary processes show various population dynamics depending on internal interactions and environmental changes. While crucial in predicting biological processes, discovering general relations for such nonlinear dynamics…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-06-23 Kyosuke Adachi , Ryosuke Iritani , Ryusuke Hamazaki

The abundance of process operating data in modern industries, along with the rapid advancement of learning techniques, has led to a paradigm shift towards data-centric analysis and control. However, integrating machine learning with control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Yitao Yan , Yu Tong , Jie Bao , Wei Wang

The problem of noise-induced escape from a metastable state arises in physics, chemistry, biology, systems engineering, and other areas. The problem is well understood when the underlying dynamics of the system obey detailed balance. When…

chao-dyn · Physics 2008-02-03 Robert S. Maier , D. L. Stein

The proposed stochastic model for pedestrian dynamics is based on existing approaches using cellular automata, combined with substantial extensions, to compensate the deficiencies resulting of the discrete grid structure. This agent motion…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-04-01 Michael Schultz

Collective human movement is a hallmark of complex systems, exhibiting emergent order across diverse settings, from pedestrian flows to biological collectives. In high-speed scenarios, alignment interactions ensure efficient flow and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-06-03 Debasish Sarker , Yi Zhang , Lynn K. Perry , Daniel S. Messinger , Chaoming Song

We rigorously show that the probability to have a specific trajectory of an externally perturbed classical open system satisfies a universal symmetry for Liouvillian reversible dynamics. It connects the ratio between the probabilities of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-02-28 Takaaki Monnai

Reinforcement learning provides a framework for learning to control which actions to take towards completing a task through trial-and-error. In many applications observing interactions is costly, necessitating sample-efficient learning. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-04 Charles Gadd , Markus Heinonen , Harri Lähdesmäki , Samuel Kaski

Time reversal of vast classes of phenomena has direct implications with predictability, causality and the second principle of thermodynamics. We analyze in detail time reversibility of a paradigmatic dissipative nonlinear dynamical system,…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2023-06-26 Constantino Tsallis , Ernesto P. Borges

We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of a class of isolated one-dimensional systems possessing two degenerate ground states, initialized in a low-energy symmetric phase. We report the emergence of a time-scale separation between fast…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-01 Alvise Bastianello , Alessio Chiocchetta , Leticia F. Cugliandolo , Andrea Gambassi

When analyzing the equilibrium properties of a stochastic process, identifying the parity of the variables under time-reversal is imperative. This initial step is required to assess the presence of detailed balance, and to compute the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-09 Dario Lucente , Marco Baldovin , Massimiliano Viale , Angelo Vulpiani