Related papers: Weak well orders and Fra\"iss\'e's conjecture

We study a quadruple of interrelated subexponential subsystems of arithmetic WKL$_0^-$, RCA$^-_0$, I$\Delta_0$, and $\Delta$RA$_1$, which complement the similarly related quadruple WKL$_0$, RCA$_0$, I$\Sigma_1$, and PRA studied by Simpson,…

After surveying classical results, we introduce a generalized notion of inference system to support structural recursion on non-well-founded data types. Besides axioms and inference rules with the usual meaning, a generalized inference…

Reverse mathematics studies which subsystems of second order arithmetic are equivalent to key theorems of ordinary, non-set-theoretic mathematics. The main philosophical application of reverse mathematics proposed thus far is foundational…

Typed feature structures are used extensively for the specification of linguistic information in many formalisms. The subsumption relation orders TFSs by their information content. We prove that subsumption of acyclic TFSs is well-founded,…

We develop the theory of weak Fraisse categories, where the crucial concept is the weak amalgamation property, discovered relatively recently in model theory. We show that, in a suitable framework, every weak Fraisse category has its unique…

The study of ordering polytopes has been essential to the solution of various challenging combinatorial optimization problems. For instance, the incorporation of facet defining inequalities (FDIs) from these polytopes in branch-and-cut…

We investigate the second order asymptotics (source dispersion) of the successive refinement problem. Similarly to the classical definition of a successively refinable source, we say that a source is strongly successively refinable if…

This paper revisits the rate-distortion theory from the perspective of optimal weak transport, as recently introduced by Gozlan et al. While the conditions for optimality and the existence of solutions are well-understood in the case of…

We define a partial order $\mathcal{P}_n$ on permutations of any given size $n$, which is the image of a natural partial order on inversion sequences. We call this the ``middle order''. We demonstrate that the poset $\mathcal{P}_n$ refines…

Second-order methods are of great importance for composite convex optimization problems due to their local super-linear convergence rates (under appropriate assumptions). However, the presence of even a simple nonsmooth function in the…

We propose a new method for constructing Turing ideals satisfying principles of reverse mathematics below the Chain-Antichain Principle (CAC). Using this method, we are able to prove several new separations in the presence of Weak Konig's…

The small object argument is a transfinite construction which, starting from a set of maps in a category, generates a weak factorisation system on that category. As useful as it is, the small object argument has some problematic aspects: it…

In this paper we demonstrate that the class of basic feasible functionals has recursion theoretic properties which naturally generalize the corresponding properties of the class of feasible functions. We also improve the Kapron - Cook…

In Section 6 of the paper ``Fra\"{\i}ss\'{e}'s Conjecture and big Ramsey degrees of structures admitting finite monomorphic decomposition'', we applied the methods developed in earlier sections to show that a certain reduct of the generic…

Deciding the positivity of a sequence defined by a linear recurrence with polynomial coefficients and initial condition is difficult in general. Even in the case of recurrences with constant coefficients, it is known to be decidable only…

We prove the so-called inverse conjecture for the Gowers U^{s+1}-norm in the case s = 3 (the cases s < 3 being established in previous literature). That is, we establish that if f : [N] -> C is a function with |f(n)| <= 1 for all n and || f…

In this article, we build upon the work of Soner, Touzi and Zhang [Probab. Theory Related Fields 153 (2012) 149-190] to define a notion of a second order backward stochastic differential equation reflected on a lower c\`adl\`ag obstacle. We…

For an algebraic number $\alpha$ we consider the orders of the reductions of $\alpha$ in finite fields. In the case where $\alpha$ is an integer, it is known by the work on Artin's primitive root conjecture that the order is "almost always…

For (finitary) deductive systems, we formulate a signature-independent abstraction of the \emph{weak excluded middle law} (WEML), which strengthens the existing general notion of an inconsistency lemma (IL). Of special interest is the case…

In this paper, we establish the well-posedness of Cauchy problems for weak solutions to second-order degenerate parabolic equations with a non-smooth, time-dependent degenerate elliptic part that includes both bounded and unbounded…