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Large language models make remarkable progress in reasoning capabilities. Existing works focus mainly on deductive reasoning tasks (e.g., code and math), while another type of reasoning mode that better aligns with human learning, inductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Kedi Chen , Zhikai Lei , Fan Zhang , Yinqi Zhang , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He , Qipeng Guo , Kai Chen , Wei Zhang

Mathematical reasoning is a hallmark of human intelligence, and whether large language models (LLMs) can meaningfully perform it remains a central question in artificial intelligence and cognitive science. As LLMs are increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Linyang He , Qiyao Yu , Hanze Dong , Baohao Liao , Xinxing Xu , Micah Goldblum , Jiang Bian , Nima Mesgarani

Presented here are over one hundred conjectures ranging from easy to difficult, from many mathematical fields. I also summarize briefly methods and tools that have led to this collection.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ralf Stephan

Benchmarking large language models (LLMs) is critical for understanding their capabilities, limitations, and robustness. In addition to interface artifacts, prior studies have shown that LLM decisions can be influenced by directive signals…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yow-Fu Liou , Yu-Chien Tang , Yu-Hsiang Liu , An-Zi Yen

Despite recent advances in automating theorem proving in full first-order theories, inductive reasoning still poses a serious challenge to state-of-the-art theorem provers. The reason for that is that in first-order logic induction requires…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Johannes Schoisswohl , Laura Kovacs

Mathematical problem solving remains a challenging test of reasoning for large language and multimodal models, yet existing benchmarks are limited in size, language coverage, and task diversity. We introduce MathNet, a high-quality,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shaden Alshammari , Kevin Wen , Abrar Zainal , Mark Hamilton , Navid Safaei , Sultan Albarakati , William T. Freeman , Antonio Torralba

Even with impressive advances in automated formal methods, certain problems in system verification and synthesis remain challenging. Examples include the verification of quantitative properties of software involving constraints on timing…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Sanjit A. Seshia

Formal theorem-proving benchmarks enable mechanically verifiable evaluation of mathematical reasoning in large language models. However, existing benchmarks mainly focus on Olympiad-style problems and algebraic domains, leaving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wentao Long , Yunfei Zhang , Chenyi Li , Li Zhou , Chumin Sun , Zaiwen Wen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have showcased their exceptional abilities across various tasks, such as code generation, problem-solving and reasoning. Existing benchmarks evaluate tasks in isolation, yet the extent to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Patrick Haller , Jonas Golde , Alan Akbik

Our proposal for selective subjects especially those involving intensive problem-solving assignments and/or tutorials, such as Introduction to Algorithms and Data structures, Discrete Mathematics, Coding Theory, Number theory, Combinatorics…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-08-06 K. Viswanathan Iyer

Formal synthesis is the process of generating a program satisfying a high-level formal specification. In recent times, effective formal synthesis methods have been proposed based on the use of inductive learning. We refer to this class of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Susmit Jha , Sanjit A. Seshia

We propose a new application of embedding techniques for problem retrieval in adaptive tutoring. The objective is to retrieve problems whose mathematical concepts are similar. There are two challenges: First, like sentences, problems…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Du Su , Ali Yekkehkhany , Yi Lu , Wenmiao Lu

Software is used in critical applications in our day-to-day life and it is important to ensure its correctness. One popular approach to assess correctness is to evaluate software on tests. If a test fails, it indicates a fault in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Max Hort , Leon Moonen

Proof assistants offer tactics to apply proof by induction, but these tactics rely on inputs given by human engineers. To automate this laborious process, we developed SeLFiE, a boolean query language to represent experienced users'…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yutaka Nagashima

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in generating mathematical proofs. However, a persistent challenge is that LLMs occasionally make mistakes, while even a minor mistake can invalidate an entire proof.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-10 David Yin , Jing Gao

Proof assistants like Lean have revolutionized mathematical proof verification, ensuring high accuracy and reliability. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in mathematical reasoning, their advancement in formal theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Huajian Xin , Daya Guo , Zhihong Shao , Zhizhou Ren , Qihao Zhu , Bo Liu , Chong Ruan , Wenda Li , Xiaodan Liang

Reliable autoformalization remains challenging even in the era of large language models (LLMs). The scarcity of high-quality training data is a major bottleneck. Expert annotation requires substantial time and deep expertise in both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Param Biyani , Shashank Kirtania , Yasharth Bajpai , Sumit Gulwani , Ashish Tiwari

Context: Due to the demand for strong algorithmic reasoning, complex logic implementation, and strict adherence to input/output formats and resource constraints, competitive programming generation by large language models (LLMs) is…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Minnan Wei , Ziming Li , Xiang Chen , Menglin Zheng , Ziyan Qu , Cheng Yu , Siyu Chen , Xiaolin Ju

Large language models are emerging as scientific assistants, but evaluating their ability to reason from empirical data remains challenging. Benchmarks derived from published studies and human annotations inherit publication bias,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Oliver Bentham , Vivek Srikumar

Inductive program synthesis, or programming by example, requires synthesizing functions from input-output examples that generalize to unseen inputs. While large language model agents have shown promise in programming tasks guided by natural…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Anjiang Wei , Tarun Suresh , Jiannan Cao , Naveen Kannan , Yuheng Wu , Kai Yan , Thiago S. F. X. Teixeira , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken