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Frequently, randomly organized data is needed to avoid an anomalous operation of other algorithms and computational processes. An analogy is that a deck of cards is ordered within the pack, but before a game of poker or solitaire the deck…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-11-24 William F. Gilreath

We study a family of maps from $S_n \to S_n$ we call fixed point homing shuffles. These maps generalize a few known problems such as Conway's Topswops, and a card shuffling process studied by Gweneth McKinley. We show that the iterates of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-20 Jonathan Parlett

We consider a card guessing game with complete feedback. An ordered deck of $n$ cards labeled $1$ up to $n$ is riffle-shuffled exactly one time. Given a value $p\in(0{,}1)\setminus\{\frac12\}$, the riffle shuffle is assumed to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Markus Kuba

We find the total variation mixing time of the interchange process on the dumbbell graph (two complete graphs, $K_n$ and $K_m$, connected by a single edge), and show that this sequence of chains exhibits the cutoff phenomenon precisely when…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-08-27 Richárd Patkó , Gábor Pete

In card-based cryptography, a deck of physical cards is used to achieve secure computation. A shuffle, which randomly permutes a card-sequence along with some probability distribution, ensures the security of a card-based protocol. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Kazumasa Shinagawa , Kengo Miyamoto

In each step of the overlapping cycles shuffle on $n$ cards, a fair coin is flipped which determines whether the $m$th card or the $n$th card is moved to the top of the deck. Angel, Peres, and Wilson showed the following interesting fact:…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Olena Blumberg , Ben Morris , Hans Oberschelp

A pile-scramble shuffle is one of the most effective shuffles in card-based cryptography. Indeed, many card-based protocols are constructed from pile-scramble shuffles. This article aims to study the power of pile-scramble shuffles. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Kengo Miyamoto , Kazumasa Shinagawa

We consider new types of perfect shuffles wherein a deck is split in half, one half of the deck is "reversed", and then the cards are interlaced. Flip shuffles are when the reversal comes from flipping the half over so that we also need to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-31 Steve Butler , Persi Diaconis , Ron Graham

We establish cutoff for a natural random walk (RW) on the set of perfect matchings (PMs). An $n$-PM is a pairing of $2n$ objects. The $k$-PM RW selects $k$ pairs uniformly at random, disassociates the corresponding $2k$ objects, then…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-21 Sam Olesker-Taylor

The cutoff phenomenon for an ergodic Markov chain describes a sharp transition in the convergence to its stationary distribution, over a negligible period of time, known as cutoff window. We study the cutoff phenomenon for simple random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-10 Ali Pourmiri , Thomas Sauerwald

We examine the mixing time for random walks on graphs. In particular we are interested on investigating graphs with bottlenecks. Furthermore, the cutoff phenomenon is examined.

Probability · Mathematics 2019-07-02 Ioannis Papageorgiou

We consider dynamical percolation on the complete graph $K_n$, where each edge refreshes its state at rate $\mu \ll 1/n$, and is then declared open with probability $p = \lambda/n$ where $\lambda > 1$. We study a random walk on this…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-03 Sam Olesker-Taylor , Perla Sousi

We introduce a variation of strong stationary times for random walks on the symmetric group. Rather than proceed in the usual fashion of accumulating larger and larger blocks of cards which may be in any order, we wait for pairs of cards to…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-10-08 Graham White

This paper explores the mixing time of the random transposition walk on permutations with one-sided interval restrictions. In particular, we're interested in the notion of cutoff, a phenomenon which occurs when mixing occurs in a window of…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-02-23 Olena Blumberg

A random $n$-permutation may be generated by sequentially removing random cards $C_1,...,C_n$ from an $n$-card deck $D = \{1,...,n\}$. The permutation $\sigma$ is simply the sequence of cards in the order they are removed. This permutation…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-06-17 Nicholas F. Travers

We consider the biased card shuffling and the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (ASEP) on the segment. We obtain the asymptotic of their mixing times: our result show that these two continuous-time Markov chains display cutoff. Our…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-09 Cyril Labbé , Hubert Lacoin

We consider an analogue of the Kac random walk on the special orthogonal group $SO(N)$, in which at each step a random rotation is performed in a randomly chosen 2-plane of $\bR^N$. We obtain sharp asymptotics for the rate of convergence in…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Bob Hough , Yunjiang Jiang

This paper discusses the permutations that are generated by rotating $k \times k$ blocks of squares in a union of overlapping $k \times (k+1)$ rectangles. It is found that the single-rotation parity constraints effectively determine the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-24 Ravi Montenegro , David A. Huckaby , Elaine White Harmon

Given a sequence $(\mathfrak{X}_i, \mathscr{K}_i)_{i=1}^\infty$ of Markov chains, the cut-off phenomenon describes a period of transition to stationarity which is asymptotically lower order than the mixing time. We study mixing times and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Bob Hough

We analyze the general biased adjacent transposition shuffle process, which is a well-studied Markov chain on the symmetric group $S_n$. In each step, an adjacent pair of elements $i$ and $j$ are chosen, and then $i$ is placed ahead of $j$…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Reza Gheissari , Holden Lee , Eric Vigoda