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We study the predictability of emergent phenomena in complex systems. Using nearest neighbor, one-dimensional Cellular Automata (CA) as an example, we show how to construct local coarse-grained descriptions of CA in all classes of Wolfram's…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2015-06-26 Navot Israeli , Nigel Goldenfeld

The probabilistic cellular automaton (PCA) method is highlighted for its relatively simple numerical algorithm and low computational cost in the simulation of microstructural evolution. In this method, probabilistic state change rules are…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-04-23 Majid Seyed-Salehi

This paper studies complexity of recognition of classes of bounded configurations by a generalization of conventional cellular automata (CA) -- finite dynamic cellular automata (FDCA). Inspired by the CA-based models of biological and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Maxim Makatchev

This study introduces EngramNCA, a neural cellular automaton (NCA) that integrates both publicly visible states and private, cell-internal memory channels, drawing inspiration from emerging biological evidence suggesting that memory storage…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Etienne Guichard , Felix Reimers , Mia Kvalsund , Mikkel Lepperød , Stefano Nichele

The emergent dynamics in spacetime diagrams of cellular automata (CAs) is often organised by means of a number of behavioural classes. Whilst classification of elementary CAs is feasible and well-studied, non-elementary CAs are generally…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2025-07-10 Michiel Rollier , Aisling J. Daly , Jan M. Baetens

Cyclic cellular automata (CCA) are models of excitable media. Started from random initial conditions, they produce several different kinds of spatial structure, depending on their control parameters. We introduce new tools from information…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Cosma Rohilla Shalizi , Kristina Lisa Shalizi

Cellular automata and other discrete dynamical systems have long been studied as models of emergent complexity. Recently, neural cellular automata have been proposed as models to investigate the emerge of a more general artificial…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2025-07-28 Sanyam Jain , Stefano Nichele

Saliency detection, finding the most important parts of an image, has become increasingly popular in computer vision. In this paper, we introduce Hierarchical Cellular Automata (HCA) -- a temporally evolving model to intelligently detect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-29 Yao Qin , Mengyang Feng , Huchuan Lu , Garrison W. Cottrell

In studying the predictability of emergent phenomena in complex systems, Israeli & Goldenfeld (Phys. Rev. Lett., 2004; Phys. Rev. E, 2006) showed how to coarse-grain (elementary) cellular automata (CA). Their algorithm for finding…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2020-12-23 Yerim Song , Joshua A. Grochow

Cellular automata (CA) captivate researchers due to teh emergent, complex individualized behavior that simple global rules of interaction enact. Recent advances in the field have combined CA with convolutional neural networks to achieve…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Marlene Grieskamp , Chaytan Inman , Shaun Lee

This study introduces Skewed Fully Asynchronous Cellular Automata (SACA), a novel update scheme in cellular automata that updates the states of only two consecutive and adjacent cells, such as ci and ci+1, simultaneously at each time step.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Virendra Kumar Gautam

The discovery of complex multicellular organism development took millions of years of evolution. The genome of such a multicellular organism guides the development of its body from a single cell, including its control system. Our goal is to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Sidney Pontes-Filho , Kathryn Walker , Elias Najarro , Stefano Nichele , Sebastian Risi

Access to the proper infrastructure is critical when performing medical image segmentation with Deep Learning. This requirement makes it difficult to run state-of-the-art segmentation models in resource-constrained scenarios like primary…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-08 John Kalkhof , Camila González , Anirban Mukhopadhyay

The Reservoir Computing (RC) paradigm utilizes a dynamical system, i.e., a reservoir, and a linear classifier, i.e., a read-out layer, to process data from sequential classification tasks. In this paper the usage of Cellular Automata (CA)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-02-14 Stefano Nichele , Magnus S. Gundersen

Active learning (AL) can drastically accelerate materials discovery; its power has been shown in various classes of materials and target properties. Prior efforts have used machine learning models for the optimal selection of physical…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-10-18 David E. Farache , Juan C. Verduzco , Zachary D. McClure , Saaketh Desai , Alejandro Strachan

Despite considerable success, large Denoising Diffusion Models (DDMs) with UNet backbone pose practical challenges, particularly on limited hardware and in processing gigapixel images. To address these limitations, we introduce two Neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 John Kalkhof , Arlene Kühn , Yannik Frisch , Anirban Mukhopadhyay

$N$-body simulations are computationally expensive, so machine-learning (ML)-based emulation techniques have emerged as a way to increase their speed. Although fast, surrogate models have limited trustworthiness due to potentially…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-26 Deaglan J. Bartlett , Marco Chiarenza , Ludvig Doeser , Florent Leclercq

This study significantly advances multi-texture synthesis using Neural Cellular Automata (NCAs) by introducing a novel training methodology that enables robust self-regeneration of textures in damaged regions. This inherent healing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Mirela-Magdalena Catrina , Ioana Cristina Plajer , Alexandra Băicoianu

Cellular automata (CA) are discrete-time dynamical systems with local update rules on a lattice. Despite their elementary definition, CA support a wide spectrum of macroscopic phenomena central to statistical physics: equilibrium and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-31 Mihir Metkar , Neha Sah , Yichen Zhou

Layered Cellular Automata (LCA) extends the concept of traditional cellular automata (CA) to model complex systems and phenomena. In LCA, each cell's next state is determined by the interaction of two layers of computation, allowing for…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2023-08-15 Abhishek Dalai